Effect of Mechanical Force on Activation Characteristics of a Low-grade Ascharite Ore
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摘要:
这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。本文通过SEM-EDS、XRD、FT-IR、激光粒度分析等手段对机械活化后的硼镁矿粉进行了表征。结果表明硼镁矿的晶体结构在机械力的作用下发生改变，由规则有序的晶态结构向无序的非晶态结构转变。矿粉粒度分布受机械力的影响作用较大，在球磨机转速200 r/min和球料比10∶1的实验条件下，较佳活化时间为6 h，此时90%的矿粉粒径小于21.5 μm；硼镁矿活性与活化后的活性键的数量有关，在一定的活化时间内，硼镁矿活性随着活化时间的增加而提高，但活化时间过长矿粉颗粒在范德华力的作用下发生团聚，反而导致活性降低；机械活化预处理能够降低硼镁矿浸出反应中对硫酸浓度和温度的依赖，显著提高硼镁矿中元素浸出率，实验表明在反应温度25 ℃、硫酸浓度1.48 mol/L条件下，活化6 h的硼镁矿浸出率较硼镁矿原矿提高了50%，且在较为友好的条件下可制备得到非晶态SiO2。经活化后的硼镁矿与硫酸反应的表观活化能由23.54 kJ/mol减小为9.41 kJ/mol，浸出过程中固体产物层的内扩散是影响硼镁矿与硫酸反应的限制性环节。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of mining engineering. In this article, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, laser particle size analysis and other means were used to characterize the mechanical activation of boron and magnesium ore powder. The results show that the crystal structure of boraxite changes at the action of mechanical force from the regular and orderly crystal structure to the disorder of the amorphous structure. The particle size distribution of the ore powder is greatly affected by the mechanical force. At the experimental conditions of 200 r/min speed of the ball mill and the ratio of ball to material of 10∶1, the optimal activation time is 6 h, when the particle size of 90% of the ore powder is less than 21.5 μm. The activity of ascharite is related to the number of active bonds after activation. In a certain activation time, the activity of ascharite increases with increasing activation time, but the agglomeration of mineral powder particles at the action of van der Waals force for a long activation time leads to a decrease in activity. The mechanical activation pretreatment can reduce the dependence on sulfuric acid concentration and temperature in the leaching reaction of ascharite, and significantly improve the leaching rate of elements in ascharite. The experiments show that the leaching rate of ascharite after activation for 6 h is 50% higher than that of the raw ascharite under the condition of reaction temperature 25 ℃ and sulfuric acid concentration 1.48 mol/L. And amorphous SiO2 can be prepared at friendly conditions. The apparent activation energy decreases from 23.54 kJ/mol to 9.41 kJ/mol after activation. The diffusion of the solid product layer during the leaching process is the limiting link which affects the reaction of ascharite with sulfuric acid.
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表 1 低品位硼镁矿的主要化学成分/%
Table 1. Main chemical composition of the boron-magnesium ore
B2O3 MgO CaO SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 LOI 9.46 48.7 1.68 28.67 2.11 0.47 8.91 
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表 2 不同机械活化时间下矿粉粒度的相关数据
Table 2. Correlation data of ore particle size at different mechanical activation time
机械活化时间 D50/μm D90/μm 比表面积/（m2/kg） 0 7.2 50.4 2 270 2 4.78 28.4 2 498 4 4.00 31.0 2 599 6 3.33 21.5 2 756 8 3.82 24.1 2 439
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