Research Progress and Thinking on the Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Whiskers from Calcium-containing Minerals and Solid Waste
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摘要:
碳酸钙作为最广泛的工业原料之一，被广泛应用在塑料、橡胶、造纸、涂料、食品、医药、电子等行业。而具有特殊纤维状形貌的碳酸钙晶须，成本低廉，来源广泛，产品本身及生产工艺绿色环保，并且具有高强度、高模量、高拉伸率等优良性能，开始逐渐取代其他成本高昂的纤维材料用作复合材料的增强剂、增韧剂及填充剂。本文在研究团队多年从事钙基材料制备及产业化的基础上，从碳酸钙晶须的制备方法和原料两个角度对碳酸钙晶须材料研究进行了详细论述，分析目前各种碳酸钙晶须制备方法的优缺点，并对工业废弃物、生活废弃物等多样性原料制备碳酸钙晶须的方向进行了展望。
Abstract:As one of the most extensive industrial raw materials, calcium carbonate is widely used in plastics, rubber, papermaking, coatings, food, medicine, electronics and other industries. Calcium carbonate whiskers with special fibrous morphology have the advantages of low cost, wide sources, and environmental protection of the product itself and production process. Moreover, it has excellent properties such as high strength, high modulus, and high elongation, and it has gradually replaced other costly fiber materials as a reinforcing agent, toughening agent and filler for composite materials. Based on the preparation and industrialization of calcium-based materials for many years, this article discusses the research of calcium carbonate whisker materials in detail from the perspectives of preparation methods and raw materials of calcium carbonate whiskers. The advantages and disadvantages of various current preparation methods of calcium carbonate whiskers are analyzed, and the direction of preparing calcium carbonate whiskers from diverse raw materials such as industrial waste and domestic waste is prospected.
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Key words:
- calcium carbonate /
- whisker /
- preparation method /
- solid waste
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表 1 碳酸钙晶须制备方法对比结果
Table 1. Comparison results of preparation methods of calcium carbonate whiskers
方法 晶控剂 优点 缺点 碳化法 需要 工艺简单，适合工业化生产 需要控制剂，容易引入杂质 复分解法 不需要 长径比大，纯度高 产量低，反应周期长 尿素水解法 不需要 表面光洁度高，纯度高 长径比小，能耗大 碳酸氢钙分解法 不需要 晶须较长，纯度较高 均匀性差，晶须直径大 溶胶-凝胶法 需要 过程易于控制，均匀性好 容易引入杂质 超重力法 需要 长径比大，生产周期短 需要特定装置，投资大 
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表 2 一步碳化法和气-液间歇碳化法制备最佳参数
Table 2. Best parameters of the one-step carbonization method and the gas-liquid intermittent carbonization method
方法 原料摩尔比 反应温度/℃ 通气速率/(mL·min-1) 搅拌速率/(r·min-1) 反应时间/h 一步碳化法 Mg：Ca = 2 110 100 150 1 气-液间歇碳化法 CaO：NH4Cl= 1：2.2 90 100 400 1
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