摘要:
中国西北部天山石炭纪—早二叠世裂谷火山作用代表了一个新近被认可的大火成岩省,其分布范围至少有170万km2。该火山岩系主要由玄武质熔岩组成,其次有中性和酸性熔岩及火山碎屑岩。它们是地幔柱活动的产物,该地幔柱的组分为:εNd(t)≈+5,87Sr/86Sr(t)≈0.704和La/Nb≈0.9。根据岩石地球化学数据,石炭纪—早二叠世基性熔岩可以划分为高Ti/Y(HT,Ti/Y>500)和低Ti/Y(LT,Ti/Y<500)两个岩浆类型。LT熔岩又可进一步划分为LT1、LT2、LT3和LT4等4个亚类。LT1、LT2(天山中段和甘肃北山)、LT4(天山西段、新疆北山和准噶尔)和LT3、HT(塔里木)熔岩的化学演化系受控于橄榄石(ol)+单斜辉石(cpx)结晶分离作用;而天山东段的的LT4熔岩的化学变异则是经受了辉长岩质结晶分离作用。元素和同位素数据表明,天山及邻区石炭纪早二叠世裂谷基性熔岩并不是单一母岩浆结晶分离的产物。遭受地壳混染的LT3和LT4熔岩的Sr-Nd同位素变化特点与其地幔柱源熔体上升喷发所通过的岩石圈的性质有关。古老(前寒武纪)岩石圈的卷入,导致天山西段的石炭纪LT4熔岩和柯坪裂谷的早二叠世LT3熔岩具有低-负εNd(t)值(-2.91～+6.1)和中等—高87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.7036～0.7081);相反,天山东段和准噶尔的石炭纪LT4熔岩是以高εNd(t)值(+4.2～+9.7)和低87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.7035～0.7044)为特征,这乃是与其遭受了含有早古生代—泥盆纪弧-盆系火山岩的上地壳的混染有关,或者是与其岩石圈地幔源区遭受前石炭纪消减富集有关。天山及邻区石炭纪—早二叠世裂谷基性熔岩中观察到的地球化学变异与AFC作用一致。天山及邻区石炭纪—早二叠世裂谷火山岩显示时间上和空间上的岩石地球化学变化。石炭纪时,未遭受混染的石炭纪LT1熔岩和受到轻微混染的石炭纪LT2熔岩喷发于天山中段裂谷,而遭受强烈混染的石炭纪LT4熔岩则喷发于天山中段裂谷四周的区域之中。石炭纪LT1和LT2熔岩是地幔柱的石榴子石稳定区较高程度部分熔融(10%～30%)产物;而石炭纪LT4熔岩则是温度较低的地幔柱的尖晶石-石榴子石过渡带较低程度部分熔融(<10%)产物。早二叠世时,未遭受混染的早二叠世HT、LT1熔岩和受到轻微混染的早二叠世LT3熔岩喷发于塔里木裂谷和北山裂谷,而遭受强烈混染的早二叠世LT4熔岩则喷发于北部博格达-哈尔里克裂谷区。
Abstract:
The Tian shan Carboniferous-Early Permian riftrelated volcanism in northw estern China represents anewly-recognized largeigneous province extending over at least 1.7×106km2.The volcanic successions comprise thick piles of basaltic lavas and subord inate intermediate and silicic lavas and pyroclastics,and are in terpreted to result fromamantle plume with component of εNd(t)≈+5,(87Sr/86Sr(t)≈0.704 and La Nb≈0.9.On the basis of petrogeochemical data,the Carboniferous-Early Permian basic lavas can be classified in to high-Ti/Y(HT,Ti/Y>500)and low-Ti/Y(LT,Ti/Y<500)magma types.The LT lavas can be further divided in to four sub types:LT1,LT2,LT3 and LT4.The chemical evolution of the LT1,LT2(in central Tian shan and Baishan of Gansu),LT4(in western Tian shan, Jungar and Baishan of Xinjiang)and LT3,HT(Tarim)lavas is controlled by an olivine(ol)+clinopy roxene(cpx)fractionation,but gabbroic fractionation accounts for the chemical variation of the LT4 lavas from eastern Tianshan.Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the chemical variation of the Carboniferous-Early Permian riftrelated basic lavas in the Tianshan and their neighboring areas can not be explained by crystallization from a commonparental magma.The Sr-Nd isotopic variation of the crustally contaminated LT3 and LT4 lavas is related to the nature of lithosp here through which the plume-derived melts have erupted.
下载: