新疆哈尔里克山地区韧性剪切带型铜金矿化地质特征及找矿前景
Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Copper and Gold Mineralization of Ductile Shear Zone Type in Ha’erlike Mountain District of Xinjiang
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摘要: 新疆哈尔里克山地区发育彦托达坂、塔水-板房沟、塔水河南韧性剪切带,它们形成于中晚华力西构造运动期。韧性剪切带由于形成于中、深部构造层次,流体来源深,温度压力高,富含流体组分。加之韧性剪切带使岩石发生强烈的破碎和糜棱岩化,造成剪切带内较围岩具有较大的渗透性,可使中-基性火山岩、中-酸性侵入岩中的Au、Cu等成矿物质被淋滤出来。受后期造山运动的影响,被抬升至浅部,在压力梯度驱使下由强应变区向弱应变区、剪切带内垂向上的脆韧性过渡区形成了铜金矿化,矿化在韧性剪切带中或其附近的石英脉和构造蚀变岩中。蚀变在糜棱岩化安山岩、凝灰岩、沉积岩及二长花岗岩中,形成硅化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化和绢云母化。铜金矿化在石英脉内,而在蚀变岩中的铜、金矿化空间上不共生。主要成矿期在石炭纪。现在出露的铜、金矿化是地表以下韧性剪切带矿化的显示。韧性剪切带发育地带具有铜、金矿源层,化探异常发育好,构造蚀变带、矿化带延伸稳定,沿剪切带及向深部可能有矿化发育,具有较好的找矿前景。Abstract: Ductile shear belts of Yantuodaban, Tashuihe-Banfanggou, southern Tashuihe were developed in Ha'erlike mountain district of Xinjiang in middle-late Hercynian tectogenesis epoch. As the ductile shear belts were formed in medium or deep tectonic levels, they have rich chemical composition fluid of deep source, high temperature and high pressure. Besides, they can cause strong broken and mylonization of rock, and leading to larger permeability in the shear belt than in the surrounding rock. They can also leach metallogenic minerals such as Au and Cu from neutral-basic volcanic rock and neutral-acidic intrusive rock. Influenced by late orogenetic movement, the belts were lifted up to a shallow part. Under the driving of pressure gradient, the belts changed from intense strain area to weak strain area and to the brittle ductile transition area inside the shearing belt. Copper and gold mineralization is thus formed in the ductile shear belt or nearby quartz vein and tectonic alteration rock. The alternation in mylonitization andesite, tuff, sedimentary rock and monzonitic granite formed silification, epidotization, chloritization and sericitization. The copper and gold mineralization took place in quartz vein.While the mineralization of copper and gold in alternation rock do not share spatial intergrowth. The main metallogenic happens in the Carboniferous Period. The mineralization currently outcrops are hints for underground ductile shear belt mineralization. The ductile shear belt development area has the source-bed of copper and gold and good geochemical anormaly. There is better prospecting potential along the ductile shear belt or deep below, because of the stable extension of tectonic alteration belt and mineralization belt.
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