内蒙古别鲁乌图铜硫多金属矿成因类型及找矿标志
Genetic Type and Prospecting Criteria of Bieluwutu Copper-sulfur Polymetallic Mine in Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 别鲁乌图铜硫多金属矿是早期发现的内蒙古中部较大的铜硫多金属矿床。根据获得的矿床主要矿物地球化学分析，表明黄铁矿S/Fe为1.795~2.002（<2），Co/Ni值大于1，表现出岩浆热液型黄铁矿特征；雌黄铁矿、铅锌矿、闪锌矿均表现出中高温成因特征。结合矿床的矿石构造特征、矿物生成顺序、围岩蚀变及成矿温度，认为矿床成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填交代型脉状矿床。黄铁矿、雌黄铁矿和毒砂的δ34S‰为0.2‰~1‰，变化范围较窄，接近陨石S的成分，表明其成矿物质可能与深部华力西晚期中基性侵入岩有关。铁帽为金属硫化物风化淋滤残留的产物，是直接的找矿标志，华力西晚期侵入岩、北东东向—近东西向断裂构造和明显的热液蚀变（硅化、绿泥石化和滑石化为主）也是主要的找矿标志。Abstract: Bieluwutu copper-sulfur polymetallic mine is a larger deposit in central Inner Mongolia. The geochemical analysis of main minerals indicate that the iron pyrite has the characteristics of the magmatic hydrothermal-type iron pyrite such as low S/Fe ratio (from 1.795 to 2.002) and high Co/Ni ratio(more than 1). Orpiment iron pyrite, lead zinc ore and sphalerite all present the features of the mid-high temperature genetic minerals. Combining the structure characteristics of the ore, formation order of minerals, alteration of surrounding rocks and formation temperature of the deposit, the authors believe that the genetic type of the studying deposit is vein deposit of hydrothermal filling metasomatic type after the magma stage. The δ34S‰ value of pyrite, orpiment iron pyrite and arsenopyrite is within a narrow range between 0.2‰ and 1‰, approximate to the sulfur content of meteorites. It is indicated that the metallogenic material is possibly related to the neutral-basic intrusive rocks in late Variscan. The direct prospecting criterion is gossan, which is the product of metal sulfide weathering and leaching. Moreover, the late Variscan intrusive rocks, NEE-WE fractures and obvious hydrothermal alteration such as silication, chloritization and talcose are also important prospecting criteria.
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