甘肃省泥石流发育特征、成因分析及其危害
Development Characteristics, Causes and Hazard Analysis of Debris Flow in Gansu Province
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摘要: 甘肃省是我国泥石流地质灾害最为严重的4大省份之一。据统计，全省发育有泥石流沟6 260条，这些泥石流沟大部分集中在东部地区，河西地区较少。泥石流强烈发育的陇南、甘南山区，地势高差多在1 000 m以上，山坡坡度≥30°。区内地质构造复杂，地震活动频繁，广泛分布黄土、泥岩、千枚岩、页岩等软弱易滑岩土体，为泥石流发育提供了必要的地形条件和岩土条件，降雨和地震及人类活动是诱发因素。长期以来，频繁发生的泥石流地质灾害已给甘肃人民的生命财产和工农业生产建设带来了严重威胁和危害，造成约3 715人死亡，直接经济损失几十亿。其中，2010年8月8日，舟曲发生的特大泥石流地质灾害震惊世界，泥石流地质灾害已严重困扰和和制约着甘肃省的国民经济发展和广大人民群众的正常生活。因此，应通过科学规划人类活动，采取必要的工程措施制约泥石流地质灾害的发生，减轻泥石流地质灾害造成的损失。Abstract: As one of the four provinces with most serious geological disasters of debris flow in China, Gansu province has developed 6260 debris flow ditches, most of which are concentrated in the east area and few happened in the west of the Yellow River. The debris flow developed seriously in Longnan and Gannan mountain areas, where the terrain elevation is above 1000m, the slope of hillside is more than 30 degrees, the local geological structure is complicated with frequent seismic activities, and there is a wide distribution of loess, mudstone, phyllite, shale and other soft slippery rock mass, that provide the necessary terrain conditions and soil conditions for debris flow. Rainfall, earthquakes and human activities are predisposing factors of debris flow. Over the years, frequent occurrences of debris flow disaster in Gansu have brought serious threat and harm to local people's lives, properties, industrial construction and agricultural production. Having killed about 3715 people, the geological hazard also caused direct economic losses of billions. Among them, the largest debris flow disaster happened in Zhouqu on 8 August 2010 shocked the world, seriously restricted the economic development of Gansu province and disturbed the majority of people's normal life. Therefore, we should plan human activities scientifically and take necessary engineering measures to restrict the occurrence of debris flow hazards and reduce the losses caused by the geological disasters of debris flow.
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Key words:
- debris flow /
- causes /
- hazard /
- Gansu province
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