Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the Heiqia Fe Polymetallic Deposit in Karakoram Range
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摘要: 通过系统的野外地质调查，在详细了解黑恰铁多金属矿化带地质特征的基础上，探讨铁矿成因类型，分析铁矿成矿期后的改造与铜、铅、锌的再造，结合找矿标志，预测矿化体的空间就位，提出找矿方向，以指导该带矿产评价工作。研究认为，黑恰铁多金属矿化带含矿建造沉积环境为滨海-浅海陆棚相，铁矿床成因类型为海底沉积喷流-改造型，铜、铅、锌矿属热液再造型，与铁矿（化）体的空间关系密切，推断其矿源层为菱铁矿建造。铁矿形成后经历区域变质变形改造期、构造叠加改造期和表生氧化期。铁矿在遭受强烈改造的同期，铜、铅、锌通过热液活化再造富集成矿。铁矿的主要控矿构造样式为残破的紧闭-等斜向斜和假单斜。铜、铅、锌层控特征明显，空间上与主要铁矿同体共生或赋存于铁矿体上盘围岩构造裂隙中。黑恰铁多金属矿化带已新发现多处成矿线索，通过进一步的矿产地质工作，有望实现铁多金属找矿新突破。Abstract: Through carrying out a systematic field geological survey and understanding the geological feature of Heiqia iron polymetallic deposit, the genetic types of this iron deposit have been discussed, the modification of this iron deposit and the reconstruction of Cu, Pb and Zn after the metallogenic period have been analyzed. Combining with ore-prospecting sign, the spatial location of mineralized bodies has been predicted, and the further prospecting direction has been put forward, which can guide the assessment of mineral resources in this area. The results show that the ore-bearing formation sedimentary environment of the Heiqia iron deposit is shore-shallow sea shelf facies, and the genetic type of this deposit is submarine sedimentary exhalative reformation. Cu, Pb and Zn are closely related to iron ore bodies in space, belonging to hydrothermal reconstruction type. It is inferred that the source bed of Cu, Pb and Zn is siderite formation. After the formation of this iron ore, it had gone through the regional geological metamorphic deformation modification period, tectonic superposition transformation period and supergene oxidation period. When the iron ore suffered strongly modification, Cu, Pb and Zn had been enriched and mineralized by hydrothermal activation and reconstruction. Main ore-controlling structures of this deposit are broken tight closed syncline and false monoclinic. Cu, Pb and Zn ore are obviously controlled by strata, occurring in the structural fissures of surrounding rock in hanging plate of iron ore body or living in symbiosis with major iron ores. Multiple metallogenic clues have been found in the Heiqia iron polymetallic deposit. Through implementing the further ore-prospecting work, it is hopeful to realize a breakthrough of prospecting iron polymetallic deposits in this area.
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