Effect and Mechanism of Biomass Carbon and Steel Slag as Ameliorants on Soil Selenium Availability in a Typical Se-rich Area of Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 江西丰城富硒土壤中总硒含量较高，但能被植物直接吸收利用的有效态硒含量偏低。土壤中硒的生物有效性是影响作物富硒的关键因素，寻找安全有效的改良剂对提高富硒土壤中硒的有效性至关重要。本文以生物质炭和钢渣为改良剂，共设置了8个不同处理，通过室内土培试验和盆栽实验，原子荧光光谱法测定有效态硒的含量，探究了两种改良剂在不同处理水平下对丰城富硒土壤中有效硒的调控效果。土培试验结果表明，施加不同量的生物质炭和钢渣均能提高研究区土壤pH，提升幅度为0.1~3.79个单位。元素形态分析结果表明，改良剂主要通过影响有机结合态硒来调控土壤有效态硒，施加生物质炭的土壤中有机质含量显著增加，且有机质对硒表现为固定作用，导致有效态硒含量降幅为8.4%~15.1%，使土壤有效硒含量总体偏低；而钢渣对土壤pH的显著影响有利于活化土壤中的硒元素，土壤有效态硒含量可提高1.4~2.0倍。盆栽实验结果表明，土壤经钢渣处理后小白菜硒含量提高30%以上，而经生物质炭处理后小白菜硒含量降幅在7.14%~42.8%之间。本研究认为，生物质炭不适用于调控研究区土壤中硒的有效性，钢渣可作为研究区土壤硒有效性的调控材料，既实现了固废再利用，也提高了土壤中硒的有效度。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThe total selenium content in the selenium-rich red soils in Fengcheng City of Jiangxi Province was relatively high, but the available selenium content directly absorbed and utilized by plants was low. The bioavailability of selenium in soils is a key factor affecting selenium in crops. OBJECTIVESTo find safe and effective ameliorants for improving the availability of selenium in selenium-rich soils. METHODSBiomass carbon and steel slag were used as modifiers, and 8 different experiments were set up. Through indoor soil test and pot experiment, the content of available selenium in the selenium-rich red soils in Fengcheng was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and the regulation effect of two kinds of ameliorants on available selenium under different treatment levels was investigated. RESULTSThe results of the soil tests showed that different amounts of biomass carbon and steel slag can increase the soil pH in the study area by 0.1-3.79 units. The results of elemental speciation analysis indicated that the ameliorant mainly controlled the soil available selenium by affecting the organically bound selenium. The soil organic matter content increased significantly after the application of biochar in the soil, but the organic matter showed a fixed effect on selenium. The available selenium content decreased by 8.4%-15.1%, resulted in the overall lower available selenium content in soils. The significant effect of steel slag on soil pH was beneficial to the activation of selenium in soils, and the soil available selenium content can be increased by 1.4 to 2.0 times. The results of the pot experiment showed that the selenium content of Chinese cabbage increased by more than 30% after treatment with steel slag, while the selenium content of Chinese cabbage decreased by 7.14%-42.8% after treatment with biochar. CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that biochar is not suitable for regulating the availability of selenium in the soil of the study area. Steel slag can be used as a control material for soil selenium availability in the study area, which not only realizes solid waste recycling, but also improves the availability of selenium in soil. -
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表 1 土壤中各形态硒含量
Table 1. Content of different Se species in soil
处理编号 水溶态硒(μg/kg) 可交换态硒(μg/kg) 铁锰氧化物结合态硒(μg/kg) 有机结合态硒(μg/kg) 残渣态硒(μg/kg) 15d 45d 60d 15d 45d 60d 15d 45d 60d 15d 45d 60d 15d 45d 60d 1 10.52 9.78 8.61 10.76 10.07 9.33 64.88 65.52 66.01 302.64 305.16 309.78 331.20 329.47 326.47 2 10.46 9.64 8.46 10.98 9.69 9.01 64.62 65.72 65.72 303.62 307.20 310.98 330.32 327.75 326.03 3 9.70 8.80 8.02 9.40 9.16 8.62 64.30 65.26 66.98 305.84 311.98 314.64 330.76 324.80 321.94 4 10.42 8.43 7.11 10.49 7.74 8.16 65.27 64.89 64.26 311.06 319.85 315.84 322.76 319.10 324.64 5 10.05 10.09 10.54 10.21 9.54 9.12 64.02 65.17 66.73 312.58 308.76 306.22 323.15 326.43 327.69 6 10.72 11.52 12.01 9.81 10.58 10.03 68.96 67.82 67.02 308.50 304.22 302.32 322.01 325.86 325.67 7 12.06 15.46 17.78 10.63 11.39 12.55 75.40 74.72 74.16 309.20 305.74 301.76 322.70 322.67 326.75 8 15.16 19.04 23.64 12.82 15.40 17.34 75.48 74.56 74.68 307.00 302.30 295.08 327.53 328.68 329.26 
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表 2 不同处理对土壤性质的影响
Table 2. Effects of different treatments on soil properties
处理方法 有机质含量(%) CEC(mol/kg) 15d 45d 60d 15d 45d 60d 生物质炭0.2% 3.21 3.11 2.63 4.0 3.9 3.7 生物质炭1.0% 3.38 3.22 2.77 4.2 4.2 4.3 生物质炭3.0% 5.52 4.81 4.54 4.8 4.5 4.3 生物质炭2%+钢渣0.1% 3.30 3.12 2.66 4.4 4.2 4.3 空白对照组(BK) 3.28 2.80 2.66 4.2 4.1 4.0 钢渣0.1% 3.23 3.00 2.80 4.0 4.2 3.9 钢渣0.5% 3.09 2.82 2.79 6.7 6.8 6.2 钢渣1.5% 2.90 2.86 2.79 9.8 9.0 8.8
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