Application of flat spots in detection of hydrocarbons in deep-water clastic reservoirs in West Africa
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摘要: 针对西非深水碎屑岩储层部分高孔隙度含水砂岩和含油砂岩具有相似振幅亮点和远道振幅增强的三类AVO异常的难题,提出运用平点技术进行储层烃类检测。通过地震反射几何外形、振幅及相位等信息落实研究区发育短轴单平点、短轴双平点、短轴复合单平点和长轴复合单平点4种类型,W目标目的层以短轴双平点为主。在以反射系数和地层倾角为核心参数进行正演模拟的基础上,建立了地震平点反射产生的定量判别模板。运用平点强化技术及共等值线抽道集叠加技术,落实了平点分布。通过烃类平点的判别依据,推测上部平点条带代表气油界面、下部平点条带代表油水界面。结合烃检敏感属性分析,有效预测了含油气面积。平点技术的应用,降低了储层烃检的多解性,提高了预测精度。Abstract: Aiming at the difficulties that some high-porosity water-bearing sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in deep-water clastic reservoirs in West Africa have similar amplitude bright spots and show Class III AVO anomalies with remote-trace amplitude enhancement,this paper proposes to use flat spots to detect the hydrocarbons in the reservoirs.As revealed by the data on the geometric shapes,amplitude,and phase of seismic reflection,four types of flat spots are have developed in the study area,namely individual flat spots,short-axis double flat spots,short-axis composite individual flat spots,and long-axis composite individual flat spots.The target layer W is dominated by short-axis double flat spots.Based on the forward modeling with reflection coefficients and stratigraphic dip as core parameters,a quantitative discrimination template of seismic reflection of flat spots was established in this study.The flat spot distribution was determined using the flat spot strengthening technology and the common isoline trace gathering stacking technology.It was inferred from the discrimination criteria of hydrocarbon flat spots that the upper flat spot strips represent gas-oil interfaces and the lower flat spot strips represent oil-water interfaces.Based on this and the analysis of sensitive attributes in hydrocarbon detection,the area of oil- and gas-bearing zones was effectively predicted.Therefore,the application of flat spots can reduce the multiplicity of solution in the hydrocarbon detection and improve the prediction accuracy of reservoirs.
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