过去64万年以来湖北三宝洞石笋生长速率变化及其古气候意义

蒋莹; 韦唯; 冯小艺; 张晗; 朱和; 董进国

doi:10.11932/karst2021y31

过去64万年以来湖北三宝洞石笋生长速率变化及其古气候意义

1.
南通大学地理科学学院, 江苏南通 226006

2.
南京师范大学地理科学学院，江苏南京 210023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41877287，41472317，41102216）；江苏省大学生创新项目（201910304116Y）

详细信息

作者简介: 蒋莹（2000－），女，硕士，研究方向为第四纪环境演变。 E-mail： 2231472188@qq.com

通讯作者: 董进国（1978－），男，博士，教授，主要从事第四纪年代学与环境演变专业。E-mail： dongjinguo1111@163.com

中图分类号: P532；P931

收稿日期: 2021-03-20

刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Variation of stalagmite growth rate and its paleoclimatic significance in Sanbao cave, Hubei Province over the past 640,000 years

1.
College of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226006, China

2.
College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China

More Information

Corresponding author: DONG Jinguo, dongjinguo1111@163.com

Received Date: 20 March 2021

Publish Date: 25 June 2023

摘要

摘要:
利用石笋平均生长速率变化来重建古气候环境变迁已成为洞穴古气候研究的重要领域。文章以湖北三宝洞横跨22~64 万年的5支石笋167个²³⁰Th年龄数据为材料，结合过去的工作，重建了晚更新世64万年以来长江中下游地区东亚夏季风降水变化过程。结果表明：深海氧同位素（MIS）1,5.3, 5.5, 7.3,7.5，9,15.1,15.5阶段石笋生长速率显著增大，指示东亚夏季风强度增强，降水增多；相反，冰期阶段生长速率缓慢或者不发育，指示夏季风强度减弱，降水明显减少，但平均生长速率指标并不能定量指示夏季风强度变化。当石笋生长速率低于10 µm·a⁻¹时，不能有效地指示冰期—间冰期旋回变化。在轨道尺度上，平均生长速率所揭示的冰期—间冰期波动可能归因于全球冰量和太阳辐射共同作用的结果。
- 石笋 /
- 生长速率 /
- 冰期—间冰期 /
- 东亚夏季风 /
- 三宝洞 /
- 湖北
Abstract:
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the study of stalagmite paleoclimate. Compared with the geochemical indicators such as stalagmite δ¹⁸O, the average growth rate of stalagmite is a physical indicator, which can directly reflect the wet and dry changes of the external climate, and is one of the important means to reconstruct the past regional hydrological changes.
Sanbao cave (31°40′N, 110°27′E), the study area, is located in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, on the north bank of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and adjacent to the southern edge of the Loess Plateau. Mainly affected by the East Asian summer monsoon, the average annual temperature in this area is 8-9℃ with the annual precipitation of 2,000 mm. In summer, warm and humid air from the equatorial ocean enters the hinterland of the mainland, bringing about 60% of the annual precipitation. In winter, the dry and cold air from Siberia controls the climate in Shennongjia area, so it is particularly sensitive to the seasonal advance and retreat of East Asian summer monsoon. Sanbao cave, 1,900 m above sea level, is located on the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in Hubei Province, covered with limestone layer about 300 m thick. The thickness of the surface layer is about 2-3 m, mainly distributed with trees, shrubs and weeds. The research objects are five stalagmites (numbered SB12, SB14, SB32, SB58 and SB61) from Sanbao Cave, with a cumulative height of about 2.991 m, of which SB61 was deposited in 229.4-384 ka B.P., corresponding to MIS8-MIS10; SB14 grew and developed from 299.6-622.8 ka B.P., spanning from MIS9 to MIS15; SB12 and SB58 were respectively deposited at 425.1-462.7 ka B.P. and 426.7-464.7 ka B.P., corresponding to MIS12; SB32 grew from 514.3-638.2 ka B.P., and spanned from MIS13 to MIS15. 167 ²³⁰Th age data of these five stalagmites was obtained by the analytical instruments of Thermo-Finnigan Element and Thermo-Finnigan Neptune in Minnesota Isotope Laboratory, the USA. The age analysis error was ±2σ measurement statistical error with the error accuracy of 0.5-2.0 ka. For the calculation of average growth rates of stalagmites, firstly, the data of stalagmite age reversal in stratigraphy has been excluded. Then, the curve of the measured age point of stalagmite and its corresponding growth depth has been established. The new results are basically consistent with the growth rate curve in the original literature. Finally, the average growth rates of stalagmites have been obtained by dividing the depth difference between two adjacent points by the measured age difference.
Based on 167 ²³⁰Th age data from 5 stalagmites spanning 220,000 to 640,000 years in Sanbao cave, and combined with the past work, this paper has reconstructed the precipitation change process of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River over the past 640,000 years in the late Pleistocene. The results show that the growth rates of stalagmites in Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 5.3, 5.5, 7.3, 7.5, 9, 15.1, 15.5 increased significantly, indicating that the intensity of EASM increased significantly with more precipitation in the interglacial stage. On the contrary, the slow or undeveloped growth rates in the glacial stage indicate the weakening of the summer monsoon intensity with less precipitation. Based on statistical analysis of the growth rates of 22 stalagmites, we hold that the average growth rate index cannot quantitatively indicate the change of the monsoon intensity. Moreover, when the stalagmite growth rate is less than 10 µm·a⁻¹, it also cannot effectively indicate the glacial-interglacial change. On the orbital scale, the glacial-interglacial fluctuation revealed by the average growth rate may be attributed to the joint action of global ice and solar radiation.
Finally, it should be noted that in different time scales, the controlling factors of stalagmite growth rate are complicated, and the noise generated by the environment difference inside the cave may cover up or weaken the transmission of the climate signal from the outside to the inside. Therefore, the possible influencing factors must be carefully considered when we reconstruct the paleoenvironment by using the average growth rates of stalagmites.
- stalagmite /
- growth rate /
- glacial-interglacial period /
- East Asian summer monsoon /
- Sanbao cave /
- Hubei

HTML全文

图 1 石笋年龄－深度曲线图

Figure 1.

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图 2 过去64万年三宝洞石笋平均生长速率图

Figure 2.

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图 3 湖北三宝洞石笋氧同位记录^[10-11]、北半球夏季太阳辐射（b）^[12]、平均生长速率(c)、靖远黄土磁化率记录，其高值表示东亚夏季风强度增强，低值表示东亚夏季风强度减弱（d）^[13]与海平面记录(e)^[14]的综合对比(从上至下)，图中数字代表深海氧同位素阶段

Figure 3.

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表 1 三宝洞5支石笋年龄—深度数据*

Table 1. Age-depth data of 5 stalagmites in Sanbao cave

样号	深度 /mm	年龄 /ka B.P.	年龄误差 /ka	样号	深度 /mm	年龄 /ka B.P.	年龄误差 /ka	样号	深度 /mm	年龄 /ka B.P.	年龄误差 /ka
SB-12	65	425.1	1.1		209.5	564.3	5.9		870	612.3	5.5
	71	426.2	1.1		215.5	566.0	4.7		901	614.6	5.2
	104	427.3	0.9		220.5	566.9	3.9		922	619.9	5.7
	136	428.4	1.2		226.5	568.9	4.9		948	620.7	5.6
	168	431.1	1.3		234.5	573.9	4.6		972	623.7	5.7
	187	432.0	1.0		290.5	580.9	4.8		977	623.9	6.5
	194	432.3	1.2		298.5	584.2	5.8		977	625.6	9.9
	215	434.4	1.5		332.5	586.0	4.5		1 105	630.3	6.8
	234	434.8	1.1		340.5	588.3	5.4		1 170	638.2	7.4
	272	437.1	1.5		378.5	598.3	6.2	SB-58	3	426.7	1.25
	299	439.6	1.0		404.5	603.0	6.7		5	427.2	3.0
	362	442.5	1.3		451.5	604.0	6.3		10	428.0	1.7
	372.5	443.1	1.5		459.5	605.5	6.4		14	428.8	1.0
	412	444.7	1.2		493.5	611.6	7.1		40	435.9	1.4
	416	445.5	1.5		509.5	615.3	8.4		57	439.3	2.1
	700	462.7	4.6		537.5	620.3	10.0		94	442.3	1.4
SB-14	0.3	299.6	3.0		545.5	621.2	6.2		116	443.0	1.2
	6.2	307.3	3.4		572.5	622.8	6.4		182	446.5	1.3
	8.5	311.3	1.0	SB-32	8	513.3	2.7		265	452.4	1.3
	8.8	313.1	3.6		13	514.1	3.8		316	453.6	1.4
	10.2	326.9	3.4		20	521.6	2.8		370	455.2	1.8
	12.8	331.8	3.6		27	524.8	3.4		465	459.5	1.8
	13.5	334.8	0.7		43	526.6	2.9		625	464.7	1.9
	19.5	356.8	1.3		50	531.0	3.8	SB-61	102	229.4	0.7
	22.0	364.8	2.9		56	532.7	3.2		141	233.7	1.0
	25.5	370.0	0.9		59	533.4	3.3		161	236.9	0.2
	28.5	375.1	2.9		62	534.5	3.0		193	237.9	0.3
	31.5	385.6	1.2		68	535.7	3.1		243	241.1	0.2
	33.5	391.5	2.7		72	541.5	3.1		291	242.6	0.3
	35.5	396.9	2.8		82	544.8	4.1		311	245.7	0.3
	38.5	402.3	3.5		105	548.7	4.6		330	247.1	0.3
	39.5	402.6	2.3		110	550.7	4.0		366	249.5	0.3
	44.0	403.9	3.9		114	554.6	4.3		394	251.1	0.5
	45.0	406.8	5.0		125	555.6	3.8		413	252.1	0.2
	47.5	409.5	6.0		131	560.8	4.3		423	252.8	0.2
	55.0	417.8	2.1		153	564.8	3.9		495	257.8	0.4
	62.0	422.6	2.0		163	567.7	3.7		519	260.0	0.3
	64.0	425.3	4.4		168	569.2	4.4		553	317.7	0.7
	69.0	432.3	2.1		183	570.6	3.6		571	319.0	0.8
	76.0	445.2	1.8		227	574.3	3.4		623	323.7	0.6
	81.5	462.9	3.3		236	575.7	3.8		742	329.2	0.8
	88.5	473.0	2.4		334	577.3	4.7		847	333.2	1.0
	91.0	478.9	7.8		384	579.8	4.0		960	336.3	0.7
	94.5	483.7	4.5		442	580.6	4.0		1 023	338.9	0.6
	99.5	509.5	7.3		449	582.8	4.5		1 055	341.8	1.0
	109.0	531.8	6.2		495	589.3	5.0		1 143	350.4	0.9
	112.5	532.9	7.0		501	590.9	4.2		1 167	351.9	1.0
	118.5	542.9	5.6		541	593.6	5.1		1 178	354.0	0.8
	122.5	548.7	4.3		547	597.4	5.0		1 291	366.0	1.0
	136.5	551.0	4.4		612	598.5	5.4		1 313	369.5	1.0
	143.5	554.3	4.2		665	605.1	5.6		1 334	372.6	1.2
	157.5	556.0	4.2		705	606.3	5.2		1 361	375.0	0.9
	162.5	556.3	4.5		712	607.0	4.5		1 400	378.8	1.1
	168.5	558.8	3.5		744	607.5	5.1		1 450	383.1	1.3
	177.5	561.0	3.8		784	609.4	6.6		1 452	384.2	1.4
	187.5	561.5	5.4		785	610.1	8.9
注：年龄数值来自文献^[10]。 Note: Age value is from literature^[10].

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