基于AHP-灰色聚类方法的溶洞研学旅行利益相关者优先序研究

周彦伶; 杨晓霞

doi:10.11932/karst20230308

基于AHP-灰色聚类方法的溶洞研学旅行利益相关者优先序研究

周彦伶,
杨晓霞^,

西南大学地理科学学院/旅游研究所, 重庆 400715

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42171175）

详细信息

作者简介: 周彦伶（1996－），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail：649899253@qq.com

通讯作者: 杨晓霞（1964－），女，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：洞穴旅游开发与保护。E-mail：13708324646@163.com

中图分类号: G639.2；F592.7

收稿日期: 2022-04-20

刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Study on the prioritization of stakeholders engaging in educational tourism of karst cave with methods of AHP and Grey Clustering: A case study of Furong Cave in Chongqing

ZHOU Yanling,
YANG Xiaoxia^,

School of Geographic Sciences/Tourism Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Xiaoxia, 13708324646@163.com

Received Date: 20 April 2022

Publish Date: 25 June 2023

摘要

摘要:
随着研学旅行的火热发展，溶洞研学逐渐成为溶洞旅游发展的新动能。文章以全国五佳研学旅游洞穴重庆市芙蓉洞为例，综合采用米切尔细分法、层次分析法和灰色聚类法构建评估模型，对溶洞研学旅行利益相关者的优先序进行研究。结果表明：（1）芙蓉洞研学旅行利益相关者优先序由高至低依次为芙蓉洞景区管理者、政府部门、研学机构、中小学校、旅行支持企业、研学导师、行业协会与业内专家、家长、学生、公众媒体；（2）芙蓉洞研学旅行利益相关者可分为核心利益相关者（芙蓉洞景区管理者、政府部门、研学机构、中小学校）、重要利益相关者（旅行支持企业、研学导师、行业协会与业内专家）、一般利益相关者（家长、学生、公众媒体）。建议溶洞景区管理者、经营者动态关注各利益相关者诉求变化，依据差序原则，协调各利益相关者，共同促进溶洞研学旅行可持续发展。
- 研学旅行 /
- 利益相关者 /
- 优先序 /
- 层次分析法 /
- 灰色聚类法 /
- 芙蓉洞
Abstract:
With the deep integration of culture and tourism, educational tourism has developed rapidly in China. As a tourism product integrating education, educational tourism is helpful to promote the upgrading of cave tourism so that precious cave resources can be developed scientifically and reasonably. Educational tourism can also enhance the value of resources, and extend the life cycle of cave tourism destinations. At the same time, cave educational tourism can enrich educational tourism products, help to cultivate students' core geographical literacy, and guide them to actively participate in the practice of ecological civilization construction. In recent years, products of karst cave educational tourism, a kind of characteristic tourism, have been increasing. As the cave educational tourism is an interdisciplinary and integrated new business form, many stakeholders participate in it. But the difference of stakeholders' demands may affect the healthy and sustainable development of the karst cave educational tourism. In order to solve the current development dilemma, it is necessary for us to define and sort out different stakeholders and list the order of their importance.
Situated in Wulong district of Chongqing in China, Furong Cave is affiliated with Wulong Karst Tourist Area in which some famous scenic spots such as Fairy Maiden Mountain, Three Natural Bridges, and Longshui Gorge are located. Chongqing, where Furong Cave is located, is an experimental zone of educational tourism approved by the Ministry of Education and the only one at a provincial level in China. Wulong district is an experimental district of both social practice and educational tourism for primary and secondary schools in Chongqing. In recent years, relying on tourism resources, Wulong district has endeavored to plan and develop educational tourism. The district has issued a number of policies and documents supporting the development of educational tourism, and planned to transform Furong Cave into an educational tourism base featuring karst heritage and culture. At the same time, Furong Cave was also selected as "2021 National Top Five Caves for Educational Tourism" by Committee on Cave Research, Geological Society of China.
Based on the stakeholder theory and gray system theory, this study is focused on the prioritization and classification of stakeholders engaging in educational tourism of Furong Cave with methods of qualitative and quantitative research, such as analytic hierarchy process, gray clustering method, and Mitchell subdivision method. Firstly, through news mining, telephone interviews and literature analysis, stakeholders were selected. Secondly, based on the stakeholder classification as well as the actual situation of educational tourism of Furong Cave, indexes were determined to build the evaluation model for the importance of educational tourism of Furong Cave. Then, by collecting expert evaluation data and performing the gray clustering model based on the central point mixed whitening weight function, the prioritization of stakeholders were obtained and classified. The study results show that,
(1) Ten types of stakeholders engage in the educational tourism of Furong Cave, including managers of Furongdong Scenic Area, government departments, enterprises supported by tourism, institutions of educational tourism, primary and secondary schools, students, tutors of educational tourism, students' parents, associations and experts in tourism industry, and public media. There are differences among stakeholders in power, economic dependence, influence of social interests, urgency of demand and initiative of taking risk. Different stakeholders exert different influences on educational tourism in scenic spots.
(2) The prioritization in a descending order of stakeholders engaging in educational tourism of Furong Cave is listed as follows, managers of Furongdong Scenic Area, government departments, institutions of educational tourism, primary and secondary schools, enterprises supported by tourism, tutors of educational tourism, associations and experts in tourism industry, students' parents, students, and public media.
(3) According to the ranking of tourism industry, the relevant stakeholders can be divided into core stakeholders (managers of Furong Cave Scenic Area, government departments, institutions of educational tourism, and primary and secondary schools), important stakeholders (enterprises supported by tourism, tutors of educational tourism, and associations and experts in tourism industry) and general stakeholders (students' parents, students and public media).
According to the study results, it is suggested that the managers and operators of scenic spots of karst cave should pay attention to the changes in the demands of various stakeholders, organize and manage stakeholders in an orderly and classified manner with the principle of differential order, and cooperate with them to promote the healthy and sustainable development of educational tourism of karst cave.
- educational tourism /
- stakeholders /
- prioritization /
- AHP /
- gray clustering method /
- Furong Cave

HTML全文

图 1 芙蓉洞研学旅行利益相关者重要性评价层次结构

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 芙蓉洞研学旅行利益相关者图谱及分类

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 芙蓉洞研学旅行利益相关者重要性评估指标说明

Table 1. Evaluation indexes of stakeholders engaging in educational tourism of Furong Cave

评估指标（V_i）	指标内涵
权力性（V₁）	在芙蓉洞研学旅行的发展过程中，该利益相关者有权参与决策过程或能够直接影响决策内容的程度以及对于芙蓉洞研学旅行发展的干预性
经济依赖性（V₂）	在芙蓉洞研学旅行的发展过程中，该利益相关者与芙蓉洞研学旅行的经济关系密切程度（如，从芙蓉洞研学旅行中直接获得经济收益或是投资芙蓉洞研学旅行建设、发展等）
社会利益影响性（V₃）	在芙蓉洞研学旅行的发展过程中，该利益相关者受研学旅行的影响或对研学旅行产生的社会效益程度（如在研学旅行发展过程中获得精神上的满足，或是对芙蓉洞研学旅行产生直接的社会评价等）
需求紧急性（V₄）	在芙蓉洞研学旅行的发展过程中，该利益相关者的要求需要回应或满足的紧急程度
风险承担主动性（V₅）	在芙蓉洞研学旅行的发展过程中，该利益相关者对于应承担的风险（如资金亏损、安全事故等）的承担意愿

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 评分标准及含义

Table 2. Rating criteria and contents

分值	含义
1	受评对象S在指标V_i下对芙蓉洞研学旅行发展极端不重要
3	受评对象S在指标V_i下对芙蓉洞研学旅行发展非常不重要
5	受评对象S在指标V_i下对芙蓉洞研学旅行发展一般重要
7	受评对象S在指标V_i下对芙蓉洞研学旅行发展非常重要
9	受评对象S在指标V_i下对芙蓉洞研学旅行发展极端重要
2,4,6,8	表示上述相邻判断的中间值

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 各指标权重及一致性检验结果

Table 3. Test results of weight and consistency of each index

评估指标（V_i）	权重	CR
权力性（V₁）	0.3256	0.0111
经济依赖性（V₂）	0.2180	0.0085
社会利益影响性（V₃）	0.1752	0.0066
需求紧急性（V₄）	0.1524	0.0063
风险承担主动性（V₅）	0.1288	0.0064
说明：CR为矩阵一致性检验判断值，通常CR<0.1时，说明该判断矩阵具有比较好的一致性。 Explain: CR is the judgment value of matrix consistency test, usually CR<0.1, indicating that the judgment matrix has a relatively good consistency.

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 受评对象分指标的所属灰类

Table 4. Gray category in each index of the evaluated object

指标	受评对象
	权力性		经济依赖性		社会利益影响性		需求紧急性		风险承担主动性
	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{1}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{2}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{3}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{4}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{5}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $
芙蓉洞景区管理者	2	0.4500	2	0.5000	2	0.4333	3	0.3167	1	0.3500
政府部门	1	0.2833	3	0.4667	2	0.4167	3	0.3500	1	0.2833
旅行支持企业	4	0.3667	2	0.5333	2	0.3333	3	0.4500	2	0.3667
研学机构	3	0.3167	2	0.5000	2	0.3667	2	0.5000	1	0.3167
中小学校	2	0.3667	4	0.4500	2	0.4333	2	0.4333	1	0.3667
研学导师	3	0.3214	4	0.4500	2	0.4500	2	0.3833	1	0.3214
学生	4	0.5333	4	0.7333	1	0.3500	2	0.3500	2	0.5333
家长	4	0.3333	4	0.4833	2	0.3000	3	0.3667	1	0.3333
行业协会与业内专家	2	0.6667	3	0.4355	2	0.4667	3	0.3667	2	0.6667
公众媒体	4	0.8000	4	0.6667	1	0.3333	4	0.4167	2	0.8000

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 受评对象分指标灰类综合评估值

Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation value of gray category in each index of the evaluated object

指标	受评对象
指标	权力性	经济依赖性	社会利益影响性	需求紧急性	风险承担主动性
芙蓉洞景区管理者	7.2667	6.7667	6.1333	5.5333	6.7667
政府部门	7.5000	6.2333	7.1000	5.7667	6.2333
旅行支持企业	4.6667	5.0333	5.8333	5.3000	5.0333
研学机构	5.1667	6.5000	6.2667	6.4000	6.5000
中小学校	6.0000	6.7000	7.3333	7.1333	6.7000
研学导师	5.0667	6.3929	6.7333	6.3667	6.3929
学生	4.3333	4.6333	6.5333	6.9000	4.6333
家长	4.8333	5.8000	5.7667	6.4333	5.8000
行业协会与业内专家	5.6000	3.9333	6.6333	5.6000	3.9333
公众媒体	4.0667	3.6000	6.5667	4.5333	3.6000

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 受评对象所属灰类及综合评估值

Table 6. Gray category and comprehensive evaluation value of the evaluated object

受评对象	$ {\mathit{e}}^{\mathit{*}} $	$ {\mathit{r}}_{1}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $	$ {\mathit{U}}^{\left(\mathit{s}\right)} $
芙蓉洞景区管理者	2	0.4154	6.7351
政府部门	2	0.3290	6.5461
旅行支持企业	3	0.3154	5.6087
研学机构	2	0.3414	6.2832
中小学校	2	0.2868	6.1267
研学导师	3	0.3589	5.5793
学生	4	0.4947	4.9038
家长	4	0.3477	5.3408
行业协会与业内专家	3	0.3616	5.1600
公众媒体	4	0.5624	4.3800

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(54)

[1]	石定芳, 杨晓霞, 子涛. 基于IPA方法的喀斯特洞穴旅游解说系统满意度评价的实证研究: 以重庆市芙蓉洞为例[J]. 中国岩溶, 2012, 31(1):94-98. SHI Dingfang, YANG Xiaoxia, ZI Tao. Empirical research on evaluating the satisfaction of karst cave tourism interpretation system based on the IPA analysis method: In the case of Chongqing Furong Cave[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2012, 31(1):94-98.
[2]	王剑, 彭建. 龙宫风景区科普旅游功能初探[J]. 中国岩溶, 2003, 22(3):72-77. WANG Jian, PENG Jian. A preliminary study on the function of scientific knowledge popularization of the Longgong scenic area[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2003, 22(3):72-77.
[3]	黄春霞, 李廷勇, 韩立银, 李俊云, 袁娜, 王海波, 张涛涛, 赵鑫, 周菁俐. 重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水DIC-δ¹³C的变化特征及影响因素[J]. 中国岩溶, 2016, 35(3):299-306. doi: 10.11932/karst20160308 HUANG Chunxia, LI Tingyong, HAN Liyin, LI Junyun, YUAN Na, WANG Haibo, ZHANG Taotao, ZHAO Xin, ZHOU Jingli. Variations of cave water DIC-δ¹³C and its influencing factors in Furong cave, Chongqing[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2016, 35(3):299-306. doi: 10.11932/karst20160308
[4]	白洁, 邢迎春, 高婉如, 赵亚辉. 环境DNA:洞穴生物研究中的新技术[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(6):1014-1020. BAI Jie, XING Yingchun, GAO Wanru, ZHAO Yahui. Environmental DNA: An emerging tool in studying cave organisms[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2021, 40(6):1014-1020.
[5]	邓亚东, 孟庆鑫, 吕勇, 罗书文, 潘明. 桂林地质遗迹景观特征及其保护开发策略研究[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(5):783-792. DENG Yadong, MENG Qingxin, LV Yong, LUO Shuwen, PAN Ming. Characteristics of geological heritage landscapes in Guilin and their protection and development strategies[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2021, 40(5):783-792.
[6]	杨晓霞, 向旭, 袁道先, 黎健斌. 喀斯特洞穴旅游研究综述[J]. 中国岩溶, 2007, 26(4):369-377. YANG Xiaoxia, XIANG Xu, YUAN Daoxian, LI Jianbin. Summary on karst cave tourism research[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2007, 26(4):369-377.
[7]	杨晓霞, 翁子凡, 向旭. 重庆武隆芙蓉洞灯光照明系统的优化研究[J]. 中国岩溶, 2017, 36(1):131-138. YANG Xiaoxia, WENG Zifan, XIANG Xu. Optimization of the lighting system at the Furong cave in Chongqing[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2017, 36(1):131-138.
[8]	丁运超. 研学旅行:一门新的综合实践活动课程[J]. 中国德育, 2014(9):12-14. DING Yunchao. Educational travel: A new comprehensive practical activity course[J]. Moral Education China, 2014(9):12-14.
[9]	白长虹, 王红玉. 以优势行动价值看待研学旅游[J]. 南开学报(哲学社会科学版), 2017(1): 151-159. BAI Changhong, WANG Hongyu. An evaluation of educational tourism from the perspective of value in action[J]. Nankai Journal (Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition), 2017(1): 151-159.
[10]	陈光春. 论研学旅行[J]. 河北师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2017, 19(3):37-40. CHEN Guangchun. A tentative analysis of study tours[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Educational Science Edition), 2017, 19(3):37-40.
[11]	钟兵兵, 曾泽鑫, 史文倩. 研学旅行感知质量与中小学生发展核心素养的关系实证研究[J]. 地理教学, 2019(11):58-61. ZHONG Bingbing, ZENG Zexin, SHI Wenqian. An empirical study on the relationship between the perceived quality of study tour and the key competencies of primary and secondary school students[J]. Geography Teaching, 2019(11):58-61.
[12]	陶轶敏. 研学旅行中学生核心素养的孕育[J]. 教学与管理, 2017(23): 20-22. TAO Yinmin. Cultivating the core literacy of middle school students in educational travel[J]. Teaching & Administration/Elementary school Edition, 2017(23): 20-22.
[13]	刘刚, 杨丁. 基于研学旅行建构第二课程体系[J]. 教学与管理, 2018(34):74-77. LIU Gang, YANG Ding. Constructing secondry curriculum system based on research and study travel[J]. Teaching & Administration, 2018(34):74-77.
[14]	钟业喜. 基于项目驱动的地理师资研究型能力培养[J]. 地理教学, 2014(8):3-6. ZHONG Yexi. Project-driven cultivation of research-oriented abilities for geography teachers[J]. Geography Teaching, 2014(8):3-6.
[15]	王燕芳. 教师在研学旅行中的职责[J]. 教学与管理, 2019(8):9-11. WANG Yanfang. On duties of teachers in research and study tours[J]. Teaching & Administration, 2019(8):9-11.
[16]	钟志平, 刘天晴. 研学旅行示范基地政策评价与需求方强相关性因素研究[J]. 湖南社会科学, 2018(6):147-153. ZHONG Zhiping, LIU Tianqing. A study on the policy evaluation of educational travel demonstration base and the factors of strong correlation with demands[J]. Social Science in Hunan, 2018(6):147-153.
[17]	孙茜. 基于顾客满意度的红色研学旅游基地可持续发展研究[J]. 湖北理工学院学报: 人文社会科学版, 2017, 34(2): 27-31. SUN Qian. Study of the sustainable development of red educational tourism base: Based on the PDCA satisfaction of tourists[J]. Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2017, 34(2): 27-31.
[18]	邵春瑾. 研学实践教育基地建设研究[J]. 黑龙江教育学院学报, 2018, 37(12):77-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7836.2018.12.025 SHAO Chunjin. Research on the construction of educational practice education base[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education, 2018, 37(12):77-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7836.2018.12.025
[19]	刘俊, 周彤昕. 利益相关者视角下研学旅行行业发展的内在张力[J]. 旅游科学, 2020, 34(4):56-69. LIU Jun, ZHOU Tongxin. Intrinsic tensions of study tourism development: A multi-stakeholders perspective[J]. Tourism Science, 2020, 34(4):56-69.
[20]	彭俊芳, 袁书琪, 陈俊英. 研学旅行利益相关方分析与协调[J]. 中学地理教学参考, 2019(15):4-6. PENG Junfang, YUAN Shuqi, CHEN Junying. Educational travel stakeholder analysis and coordination[J]. Teaching Reference of Middle School Geography, 2019(15):4-6.
[21]	陈慧婷. 利益相关者视域下的研学旅行社会支持系统构建[J]. 商业经济, 2017(11):126-128. CHEN Huiting. The construction of educational travel social support system from the perspective of stakeholders[J]. Business Economy, 2017(11):126-128.
[22]	刘俊, 陈琛. 后疫情时代研学旅行行业可持续性生态系统的构建[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(9):7-10. LIU Jun, CHEN Chen. Study the construction of sustainable ecosystem of educational travel industry in post-epidemic era[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(9):7-10.
[23]	于书娟, 王媛, 毋慧君. 我国研学旅行问题的成因及对策[J]. 教学与管理, 2017(19):11-13. YU Shujuan, WANG Yuan, WU Huijun. The causes and countermeasures of educational travel in our country[J]. Teaching & Administration, 2017(19):11-13.
[24]	陈东军, 钟林生, 肖练练. 国家公园研学旅行适宜性评价指标体系构建与实证研究[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(20):7222-7230. CHEN Dongjun, ZHONG Linsheng, XIAO Lianlian. Construction and empirical analysis of the suitability evaluation of study travel development in national park[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(20):7222-7230.
[25]	邓晨霞, 叶张煌, 谢冬明. 江西省世界地质公园研学旅行产品开发建议[J]. 老区建设, 2018(20):39-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-7544.2018.20.011 DENG Chenxia, YE Zhanghuang, XIE Dongming. Jiangxi province world geopark research travel product development suggestions[J]. Old area construction, 2018(20):39-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-7544.2018.20.011
[26]	李倩, 黄小亚, 董媛. 红色研学旅行基地建设与研究:以重庆红岩基地为例[J]. 中国集体经济, 2018(21):105-106. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1283.2018.21.055 LI Qian, HUANG Xiaoya, DONG Yuan. Construction and research of red educational travel base: Taking Chongqing Hongyan base as an example[J]. China Collective Economy, 2018(21):105-106. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1283.2018.21.055
[27]	余金声. 博物馆如何利用研学旅行开展深度学习:以重庆中国三峡博物馆“永远的三峡”研学旅行为例[J]. 文物鉴定与鉴赏, 2020(22):114-116. YU Jinsheng. How do museums use research trips to carry out deep learning: A case study of the "Three Gorges Forever" educational trip of China Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing[J]. Identification and Appreciation to Cultural Relics, 2020(22):114-116.
[28]	王宇明. 基于SERVQUAL模型下科技馆研学旅行活动的探索与实施路径:以扬州科技馆主题研学旅行活动为例[J]. 科学教育与博物馆, 2019, 5(6):445-450. WANG Yuming. Exploration and implementation of research and study travel activities of science and technology museum based on SERVQUAL model: Take Yangzhou Science and Technology Museum as an example[J]. Science Education and Museums, 2019, 5(6):445-450.
[29]	杨廷锋. 喀斯特地质科普旅游开发的研究[J]. 地质灾害与环境保护, 2009, 20(2):140-144. YANG Tingfeng. Development of popular science tour on karst geology[J]. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, 2009, 20(2):140-144.
[30]	陈亭羽. 研学在途, 筑梦未来: “水墨丹青, 印染武隆”研学日记[J]. 中学地理教学参考, 2019(4):17-19. CHEN Tingyu. On the way to study, build a dream of the future—"Ink painting, dyeing Wulong" study diary[J]. Teaching Reference of Middle School Geography, 2019(4):17-19.
[31]	弗里曼著, 王彦华, 梁豪译. 战略管理: 利益相关者方法[M]. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 2006: 30-44. Original author: Freeman, Translated by: WANG Yanhua, LIANG Hao. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Apporach[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2006: 30-44.
[32]	宋瑞. 我国生态旅游利益相关者分析[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2005, 15(1):39-44. SONG Rui. On stakeholders of ecotourism: With China as an example[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2005, 15(1):39-44.
[33]	吕丽辉, 鹿奇. 世界文化遗产地利益相关者界定与分类的实证研究[J]. 黑龙江社会科学, 2014, 147(6):67-71. LYU Lihui, LU Qi. An empirical study on the definition and classification of stakeholders of World Cultural Heritage Sites[J]. Social Sciences in Heilongjiang, 2014, 147(6):67-71.
[34]	张悦悦, 李翠珍, 周德, 夏浩. 乡村振兴视域下农村土地利用利益相关者分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200510 ZHANG Yueyue, LI Cuizhen, ZHOU De, XIA Hao. Analysis of rural land use stakeholders in a perspective of rural revitalization[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200510
[35]	夏赞才. 利益相关者理论及旅行社利益相关者基本图谱[J]. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报, 2003(3):72-77. XIA Zancai. The application of stakeholder theory in an elementary stakeholder spectrum of travel service[J]. Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University, 2003(3):72-77.
[36]	龚金红, 谢礼珊. 负面报道中遗产旅游景区的利益相关者网络分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(7):67-80. GONG Jinhong, XIE Lishan. Network analysis of stakeholders in heritage tourism scenic spots: Collecting data from negative publicities[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2021, 36(7):67-80.
[37]	张帅, 何梅青. 青海旅游景区核心利益相关者协调发展评价研究:以青海湖旅游景区为例[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016(12):37-42. ZHANG Shuai, HE Meiqing. Coordinated development evaluation on core stakeholders in Qinghai tourism scenic area: A case study of Qinghai lake tourism scenic area[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2016(12):37-42.
[38]	陈伟海, 朱学稳, 朱德浩, 黄保健. 重庆武隆喀斯特景观特征及世界自然遗产价值评价[J]. 中国岩溶, 2006, 25(Supp.1):106-112. CHEN Weihai, ZHU Xuewen, ZHU Dejie, HUANG Baojian. Evaluation on landscape features and world natural heritage value of Wulong karst in Chongqing[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2006, 25(Supp.1):106-112.
[39]	我国一高层次游览洞穴: 芙蓉洞建成开放[J]. 中国岩溶, 1994, 13(2): 106. Our country a high-level tour caves—Furong cave built open[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1994, 13(2): 106.
[40]	杨永双, 邵瑞劲. 中小学生研学旅行的发展思路与运行机制研究:以重庆市为例[J]. 现代中小学教育, 2018, 34(3):86-91. YANG Yongshuang, SHAO Ruijin. Research on the development thinking and operation mechanism of educational travel for primary and secondary school students: Taking Chongqing as an example[J]. Modern Primary and Secondary Education, 2018, 34(3):86-91.
[41]	贾生华, 陈宏辉. 利益相关者的界定方法述评[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2002, 24(5):13-18. JIA Shenghua, CHEN Honghui. Review on the methods of defining stakeholders[J]. Foreign Economies and Management, 2002, 24(5):13-18.
[42]	王素洁, 李想. 基于社会网络视角的可持续乡村旅游决策探究:以山东省潍坊市杨家埠村为例[J]. 中国农业经济, 2011(3):59-69, 90. WANG Sujie, LI Xiang. Sustainable rural tourism decision-making based on social network: A case study of Yangjiabu village, Weifang City, Shandong Province[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2011(3):59-69, 90.
[43]	高华峰, 吕宗耀. 旅游景区利益相关者优先度计量分析[J]. 中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2020, 40(1):148-154. GAO Huafeng, LYU Zongyao. Quantitative analysis of stakeholder priority for tourist attractions[J]. Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2020, 40(1):148-154.
[44]	刘思峰. 灰色系统理论与及其应用(第七版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. LIU Sifeng. Grey System Theory and Its Application (7^th Edition)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
[45]	刘思峰, 方志耕, 杨英杰. 两阶段灰色综合测度决策模型与三角白化权函数的改进[J]. 控制与决策, 2014, 29(7):1232-1238. LIU Sifeng, FANG Zhigeng, YANG Yingjie. Two stages decision model with grey synthetic measure and a betterment of triangular whitenization weight function[J]. Control and Decision, 2014, 29(7):1232-1238.
[46]	裴玲玲, 陈万明, 沈春光. 灰色聚类评估模型的优化研究[J]. 内蒙古师范大学学报, 2012, 41(5):462-466. PEI Lingling, CHEN Wanming, SHEN Chunguang. Study on the optimization of grey cluster evaluation model[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 41(5):462-466.
[47]	刘兆军, 高翔群. 基于改进白化权函数的资源型城市土地利用系统健康灰色聚类评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017, 37(2):183-187, 192. LIU Zhaojun, GAO Xiangqun. Health assessment of land use system on resource-typed city based on grey clustering model[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 37(2):183-187, 192.
[48]	詹湘琳, 孟彦君, 张伟业. 改进灰色聚类法的飞机液压能源系统效能评估[J]. 计算机仿真, 2021, 38(7):45-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2021.07.013 ZHAN Xianglin, MENG Yanjun, ZHANG Weiye. Effectiveness evaluation of aircraft hydraulic energy system based on improved grey clustering method[J]. Computer Simulation, 2021, 38(7):45-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2021.07.013
[49]	刘学武. 灰色白化权函数定权聚类模型在合并村庄脆弱性评估中的应用[J]. 模糊系统与数学, 2022, 36(3):164-174. LIU Xuewu. Application of eixed weight clustering model for grey whitening weight function about the vulnerability assessment in merged village[J]. Fuzzy Systems and Mathematics, 2022, 36(3):164-174.
[50]	T L Saaty. 层次分析法: 在资源分配、管理和冲突分析中的应用[M]. 北京: 煤炭工业出版社, 1988: 30-34. T L Saaty. The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Application in resource allocation, management, and conflict analysis[M]. Beijing: National Coal Industry Press, 198: 30-34.
[51]	王莲芬, 许树柏. 层次分析法引论[M]. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 1990. WANG Lianfen, XU Shubai. Introduction to the hierarchical analysis method[M]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 1990.
[52]	Freeman R E. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1984, 29(2): 131-154
[53]	Ronald K Mitchell, Bradley R Agle, Donna J Wood. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts[J]. The Academy of Management Review, 1997, 22(4):853-886. doi: 10.2307/259247
[54]	Max B E Clarkson. A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance[J]. The Academy of Management Review, 1995, 20(1):92-117. doi: 10.2307/258888