Numerical experiment on the mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks by hydrothermal synergistic effect
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摘要:
在封闭岩溶水系统中，当水化学组分或温度不同的饱和地下水发生混合时，将增加地下水的碳酸盐矿物溶解度，产生新的溶蚀能力。为了揭示常见地下水混合情况下的饱和溶液混合溶蚀和温度混合溶蚀协同作用机理，文章采用水文地球化学软件PHREEQC模拟了土壤入渗水与浅层地下水、深循环热水与浅层地下水、深部流体与浅层地下水混合条件下的碳酸钙溶蚀反应，讨论了地下水温度、二氧化碳分压（
$ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ Abstract:Karst water systems can be divided into open systems and closed systems. In the open system, mixed groundwater dissolves carbonate minerals mainly by the unsaturated corrosion. However, in the closed system, groundwater has been saturated with carbonate minerals after long-term runoff flow. When saturated groundwater with different hydrochemical components or at different temperatures mixed, the solubility of carbonate minerals in groundwater increases, and new corrosion capacity of groundwater generates. The mixing corrosion of saturated solution and temperature mixing corrosion are important dynamics for the chemical dissolution of carbonate aquifer system. The existing research about the interaction mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks mainly focuses on the mixing corrosion of single saturated solution or temperature mixing corrosion, and the mechanism of hydrothermal synergistic dissolution in different groundwater mixing situations needs to be further studied. In order to reveal the synergistic mechanism between mixing corrosion of saturated solution and temperature mixing corrosion, this study uses hydro-geochemistry software PHREEQC to simulate the dissolution of calcium carbonate under static mixing conditions of groundwater, including the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater, the mixing of deep-flowing geothermal groundwater and shallow groundwater, and the mixing of deep fluid and shallow groundwater. Moreover, the impact of temperatures,
$ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ The results show, (1) The mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect can enhance the supplementary corrosion capacity of saturated groundwater which descends in order as the mixing of deep fluid and shallow groundwater, the mixing of deep-flowing geothermal water and shallow groundwater, and the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater. (2) When the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater occurs, the mixing corrosion capacity by hydrothermal synergistic effect is lower than that of mixing corrosion of single saturated solution, but higher than that of single temperature mixing corrosion. The main reason is that the change of solution temperature weakens the complementary corrosion capacity of mixed solution. (3) Under the condition of mixing deep-flowing geothermal groundwater and shallow groundwater, the mixing corrosion of saturated solution in deep-flowing geothermal groundwater has more effects on the hydrothermal synergistic corrosion than the temperature mixing corrosion. (4) When the deep fluid mixes with the shallow groundwater, the corrosion capacity of mixed solution is weaker than that of the mixing corrosion of saturated solution at single low-temperature, but stronger than that of mixing corrosion at single high-temperature. Although the change of temperature in the mixture causes the calcium carbonate precipitation, the mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect still dissolves calcium carbonate. (5) The intensity of mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect in the karst water system is controlled synchronously by the change of temperature and
$ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ -
Key words:
- carbonate rock /
- groundwater mixing /
- temperature /
- partial pressure of carbon dioxide /
- mixing ratio
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图 5 常见地下水混合场景中模式I、I′、Ⅲ的碳酸钙补充溶蚀量计算结果示意图（a为场景1、b为场景2、c为场景3，空心圆和三角表示混合溶液Ca2+实际含量，实心圆和三角表示混合溶液Ca2+平衡含量）
Figure 5.
表 1 碳酸钙混合溶蚀端元溶液热化学参数
Table 1. Thermochemical parameters of mixing corrosion of end-member solution of calcium carbonate
溶液
编号溶液
类型温度/(℃) $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ /(×104 Pa)SIc 文献取值 试验值 文献取值 试验值 文献取值 试验值 1 浅层地下水 多年平均气温[26] 20 0.05~0.19[27] 0.1 −0.19~0.15[27] 0 2 土壤入渗水 略高于地下水[28] 22 0.05~0.4[29] 0.2 −1.96~1.21[29] 0 3 深循环热水 32~136[19, 20] 50 0.05~0.6[19] 0.5 0.10~0.18[19] 0 4 深部流体 42~185[30] 90 2.6~7.2[25] 5 −0.2~0.66[25] 0 注：SIc为溶液中CaCO3饱和指数。
Note: SIc is the saturation index of CaCO3 in solution
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表 2 碳酸钙水热协同混合溶蚀作用数值试验方案
Table 2. Numerical test scheme of mixing corrosion of calcium carbonate by hydrothermal synergistic effect
模式 温度 $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ 饱和溶液混合溶蚀作用
（TA=TB，PA≠PB）Ⅰ TA=TB=T1 PA=P1
PB=P2、P3、P4Ⅰ′ TA=TB=T2、T3、T4 温度混合溶蚀作用
（TA≠TB，PA=PB）Ⅱ TA=T1
TB=T2、T3、T4PA=PB=P1 Ⅱ′ PA=PB=P2、P3、P4 饱和溶液混合溶蚀和温度混合溶蚀协同作用
（TA≠TB，PA≠PB）Ⅲ TA=T1
TB=T2、T3、T4PA=P1
PB=P2、P3、P4注：T表示温度，P表示 $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ ，下标A、B表示混合条件下的两种端元溶液，下标1、2、3、4分别对应表1中对应编号的溶液。
Note: T represents temperature, P represents$ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ . Subscripts of A and B stand for two end-member solutions in mixing situations. Subscripts of 1, 2, 3 and 4 correspond to the corresponding numbered solutions in Tab. 1.
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