Service assessment of carbon storage of typical karst peak-cluster depressions in Guilin
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摘要:
为了揭示不同发展模式下土地利用变化对碳储量的影响，以桂林市阳朔县兴坪镇西塘村的岩溶峰丛洼地为对象，采用InVEST模型对岩溶峰丛洼地的碳储量进行评估，并模拟2种情境（生态保护模式、经济发展模式）下植被类型对碳储量的影响。结果表明：研究区碳储量总量是16 641.68 t，碳密度是221.30 t·hm−2，经济总价值是1 997.00 万元，单位面积价值是26.56 万元·hm−2；人工林、自然林、经济林生态系统碳储量分别是339.38 t·hm−2、261.79 t·hm−2、150.34 t·hm−2，经济价值分别是40.72 万元·hm−2、31.42万元·hm−2、18.04万元·hm−2，且土壤碳储量是生态系统中最大碳库；自然林和经济林中土壤是最大的碳汇，而人工林中土壤和地上植被的碳汇较大；生态保护模式下研究区碳储量经济价值是2 252.14 万元，相比于现状增加了254.89 万元；经济发展模式下研究区碳储量经济价值是1 595.30 万元，相比于现状损失了401.95 万元。该研究成果为桂林漓江风景名胜区核心景区和桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产地确定未来发展模式和石漠化治理提供参考。
Abstract:To reveal the impact of land use change on carbon storage under different development modes, this study took the karst peak-cluster depression in Xitang village, Xingping town, Yangshuo county, Guilin City as an example. Based on the field survey data in 2020, the study used InVEST model to evaluate the carbon storage of karst peak-cluster depression, and simulated the impact of vegetation types on carbon storage under two development scenarios (ecological protection model and economic development model).
The study showed the following results, (1) The total carbon storage of the study area was 16,641.68 t with the carbon density of 221.30 t·hm−2. Its total economic value was 19.97 million yuan, and the economic value per unit area was 265,600 yuan·hm−2. The low value area was mainly concentrated in the north side of the hill slope, while the high value area was mainly distributed in the west and south side of the hill slope. (2) The proportions of the steep slope of natural forest, the gentle slope of natural forest and the gentle slope of economic forest to the total carbon storage of ecosystem were 51.96%, 16.04% and 10.44%, respectively. These three land types were the main sources of carbon storage. The carbon storage capacity per unit area of steep slopes of plantation and gentle slopes of natural forest was the strongest. (3) The amounts of carbon storage of artificial forest, natural forest and economic forest were 244.35 t, 12,215.17 t and 4,182.36 t, accounting for 1.47%, 73.40% and 25.13% of the total carbon storage of the ecosystem, respectively. Natural forest is the main carbon sink of the ecosystem. The carbon densities of artificial forest, natural forest and economic forest were 339.38 t·hm−2, 261.79 t/ha and 150.34 t·hm2, and the economic value per unit area was 407,200 yuan·hm−2, 314,200 yuan·hm−2, and 180,400 yuan·hm−2, respectively. Not only soil in natural forest and economic forest but also soil and above-ground vegetation in artificial forest are the largest carbon sink. (4) The carbon densities of soil, above-ground vegetation, underground vegetation and litter were 184.24 t·hm−2, 29.94 t·hm−2, 7.05 t·hm−2 and 0.06 t·hm−2, respectively. The proportion of soil carbon sink to ecosystem carbon sink was 83.25%, and soil carbon storage was the largest carbon pool in the ecosystem. Soil in both natural forest and economic forest is the largest carbon sink, and soil and above-ground vegetation in artificial forest have the largest carbon sink. (5) The carbon reserves of current situation, ecological protection mode and economic development mode were 19.9725 million yuan, 22.5214 million yuan and 15.9530 million yuan, respectively. Under the ecological protection mode, the natural forest and artificial forest increased by 8.74 hm2 and 4.78 hm2, respectively; the economic value of carbon storage increased by 2.5489 million yuan. Under the economic development mode, the area of economic forest increased by 45.99 hm2, and the economic value of carbon storage lost 4.0195 million yuan. The study indicates the impacts of different development modes on land use and carbon storage service function of karst ecosystem, which can provide reference for determining the future development mode of the core scenic area of Lijiang River Scenic Area in Guilin and the Karst World Natural Heritage Site in Guilin and the control of rocky desertification.
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Key words:
- carbon storage /
- InVEST model /
- karst peak-cluster depression /
- scenario simulation /
- land use
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表 1 土地类型分类
Table 1. Classification of land types
一级分类 二级分类 土地类型 面积/hm2 微地貌 坡度 植被 山坡 陡坡 自然林 自然林陡坡山坡 34.14 经济林 经济林陡坡山坡 6.02 人工林 人工林陡坡山坡 0.66 缓坡 自然林 自然林缓坡山坡 9.03 经济林 经济林缓坡山坡 13.20 坡麓 陡坡 自然林 自然林陡坡坡麓 0.45 经济林 经济林陡坡坡麓 0.64 一级分类 二级分类 土地类型 面积/hm2 微地貌 坡度 植被 坡麓 缓坡 自然林 自然林缓坡坡麓 1.13 经济林 经济林缓坡坡麓 5.33 人工林 人工林缓坡坡麓 0.06 洼地 陡坡 自然林 自然林陡坡洼地 0.76 经济林 经济林陡坡洼地 0.25 缓坡 自然林 自然林缓坡洼地 1.15 经济林 经济林缓坡洼地 2.38 
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表 2 生态系统碳储量的空间分布（t·hm−2）
Table 2. Spatial distribution of carbon storage in ecosystem (t·hm−2)
土地类型 土壤碳密度 地上植被碳密度 地下植被碳密度 凋落物碳密度 自然林陡坡山坡 225.84(89.18) 20.60(8.14) 6.72(2.65) 0.07(0.03) 经济林陡坡山坡 164.15(78.29) 41.51(19.80) 3.89(1.86) 0.11(0.05) 人工林陡坡山坡 184.19(53.42) 144.84(42.01) 15.66(4.54) 0.11(0.03) 自然林缓坡山坡 205.08(69.37) 73.51(24.87) 16.94(5.73) 0.08(0.03) 经济林缓坡山坡 116.83(88.77) 12.18(9.25) 2.55(1.94 ) 0.05(0.04) 自然林陡坡坡麓 174.10(65.79) 73.51(27.78) 16.94(6.40) 0.09(0.03) 经济林陡坡坡麓 117.72(88.31) 11.20(8.40) 4.39(3.29) 0(0) 自然林缓坡坡麓 181.45(66.70) 73.51(27.02) 16.94(6.23) 0.14(0.05) 经济林缓坡坡麓 110.90(88.35) 13.01(10.36) 1.62(1.29) 0(0) 人工林缓坡坡麓 123.49(44.13) 142.50(50.93) 13.82(4.94) 0(0) 自然林陡坡洼地 184.17(60.54) 98.30(32.31) 21.66(7.12) 0.09(0.03) 经济林陡坡洼地 91.40(91.34) 6.69(6.68) 1.98(1.98) 0(0) 自然林缓坡洼地 120.82(57.16) 73.51(34.78) 16.94(8.02) 0.08(0.04) 经济林缓坡洼地 160.58(94.69) 6.89(4.06) 2.11(1.24) 0(0) 平均 184.24(83.25) 29.94(13.53) 7.05(3.19) 0.06(0.03) 注：括号内数据为该层碳储量占生态系统碳储量的百分比。
Note: The data in parentheses is the percentage of carbon storage of this layer to that of the ecosystem.
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表 3 各土地类型的碳储量
Table 3. Carbon storage of each land type
土地类型 面积/hm−2 碳储量/t 占比/% 碳密度/t.hm−2 经济价值/万元 单位面积价值量/万元.hm−2 自然林陡坡山坡 34.14 8646.33 51.96 253.22 1037.56 30.39 经济林陡坡山坡 6.02 1262.06 7.58 209.66 151.45 25.16 人工林陡坡山坡 0.66 225.85 1.36 344.79 27.10 41.37 自然林缓坡山坡 9.03 2669.59 16.04 295.61 320.35 35.47 经济林缓坡山坡 13.20 1737.39 10.44 131.61 208.49 15.79 自然林陡坡坡麓 0.45 117.84 0.71 264.63 14.14 31.76 经济林陡坡坡麓 0.64 85.35 0.51 133.31 10.24 16.00 自然林缓坡坡麓 1.13 307.91 1.85 272.03 36.95 32.64 经济林缓坡坡麓 5.33 669.17 4.02 125.52 80.30 15.06 人工林缓坡坡麓 0.06 16.71 0.10 279.81 2.01 33.58 自然林陡坡洼地 0.76 231.69 1.39 304.22 27.80 36.51 经济林陡坡洼地 0.25 24.97 0.15 100.06 3.00 12.01 自然林缓坡洼地 1.15 242.63 1.46 211.35 29.12 25.36 经济林缓坡洼地 2.38 404.19 2.43 169.58 48.50 20.35 总计 75.20 16641.68 100.00 221.30 1997.00 26.56
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表 4 不同植被类型下碳储量
Table 4. Carbon storage under different vegetation types
植被类型 面积/hm2 碳密度/t·hm−2 碳储量/t 占比/% 碳储量价值/万元 单位面积价值量/万元·hm−2 经济林 27.82 150.34 4 182.36 25.13 501.87 18.04 人工林 0.72 339.38 244.35 1.47 29.32 40.72 自然林 46.66 261.79 12 215.17 73.40 1 466.06 31.42 总计 75.20 221.30 16 641.68 100.00 1 997.00 26.56
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表 5 不同情景下的碳储量评估
Table 5. Carbon storage assessment under different scenarios
情景模拟 现状情况 生态保护模式 经济发展模式 碳储量/万元 1 997.25 2 252.14 1 595.30
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