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摘要:
特提斯域是全球最重要的密西西比河谷型（MVT）铅锌矿床富集区，矿床广泛地分布在陆-陆碰撞造山带两侧的陆块上，就位于碰撞形成的褶皱-逆冲带和前陆带内，成矿通常发生在碰撞挤压作用晚期或之后、区域处于走滑或伸展的阶段。矿床、矿体的就位与张性断裂密切相关，主要控矿因素有蒸发盐底辟构造、碳酸盐岩溶蚀垮塌构造、蒸发盐溶蚀垮塌构造、高孔隙度白云岩、含重晶石地层等。油气流体在许多矿床和矿集区出现，其主要通过与硫酸盐发生反应为铅锌成矿提供还原硫。陆-陆碰撞的大地构造环境、大量的蒸发盐、丰富的油气流体是特提斯域富集MVT矿床的重要原因，域内寻找MVT矿床的潜力巨大。
Abstract:The Tethyan domain hosts the world's most abundant Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits, which occur in fold-thrust belts and forelands on both sides of the continent-continent collisional zone through the whole Tethyan domain. Mineralization commonly took place when the ore districts were experiencing strike-slip or extensional deformation, which occurred after regional compression or during the late stage of a compressional deformation event. The main ore-controlling factors include extensional faults, evaporite diapir, carbonate dissolution and collapse, evaporite dissolution and collapse, porous dolostone, and barite-bearing strata. Records of hydrocarbon fluids are present in many Pb-Zn deposits and ore districts of the Tethyan domain. They reacted with (dissolved) sulfate to provide reduced sulfur for the ore formation. The generation of such abundant MVT Pb-Zn deposits in the Tethyan domain can be attributed to the continent-continent collisional tectonic setting, large amounts of evaporites, and plentiful hydrocarbon fluids. This study raises the exploration potential for MV TPb-Zn deposits in the Tethyan domain.
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图 1 特提斯域的密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床分布(底图来自http://www.maps-for-free.com/)
Figure 1.
图 2 a－全球金属量排名前30位的密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床(根据表 1数据和Taylor et al., 2009统计，排名未区分储量和资源量的差别)；b－特提斯域内金属量排名前30位的密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床(根据表 1数据统计，排名未区分储量和资源量的差别)
Figure 2.
图 3 特提斯域重要陆−陆碰撞造山带剖面及密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床位置(a，据Li et al., 2015修改；b, 据Mouthereau et al., 2012修改；c, 据张洪瑞和侯增谦(2015)修改自Dal Piaz et al., 2003; d, 据Verges et al., 2002修改; e, 据Bouhlel et al., 2016.剖面位置见图 1，矿床图例同图 1)
Figure 3.
表 1 特提斯域密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床、矿集区的基本信息
Table 1. General features of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits in the Tethyan domain
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