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海南岛的成因机制研究

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梁光河. 2018. 海南岛的成因机制研究[J]. 中国地质, 45(4): 693-705. doi: 10.12029/gc20180404
引用本文: 梁光河. 2018. 海南岛的成因机制研究[J]. 中国地质, 45(4): 693-705. doi: 10.12029/gc20180404
shu
LIANG Guanghe. 2018. A study of the genesis of Hainan Island[J]. Geology in China, 45(4): 693-705. doi: 10.12029/gc20180404
Citation: LIANG Guanghe. 2018. A study of the genesis of Hainan Island[J]. Geology in China, 45(4): 693-705. doi: 10.12029/gc20180404
shu

海南岛的成因机制研究

  • 1.

    中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室, 北京 100029

  • 2.

    中国科学院地球科学研究院, 北京 100029

  • 3.

    中国科学院大学, 北京 100029

  • 基金项目: 国家重点研究计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项项目“北方增生造山成矿系统的深部结构与成矿过程”（2017YFC0601204）和国家重大科研装备研制项目“深部资源探测核心装备研发”子项目“金属矿地震探测系统”（ZDY2012-1-06）资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 梁光河, 男, 1965年生, 副研究员, 从事矿产资源勘查、大地构造和地震成因机制研究; E-mail:lgh@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P542

A study of the genesis of Hainan Island

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

  • 3.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by the key special project "Deep structure and mineralization process of the northern accretion orogenic metallogenic system" (No. 2017YFC0601204) of National key research project "Deep resources exploration and exploitation" and the subproject "Seismic Exploration System for Metal Deposit" (No. ZDY2012- 1- 06) of National Major Research Equipment Development Project "Research and development of deep resources exploration core equipment"
More Information
    Author Bio: LIANG Guanghe, male, born in 1965, associate researcher, engages in mineral resources exploration, geotectonic and seismogenic mechanism research; E-mail:lgh@mail.iggcas.ac.cn .

    摘要

  • 海南岛是位于华南地块南部的一个相对独立地块，其成因机制有多种说法。本文基于地理地貌、地层、断裂带、岩浆岩、矿带分布、地震勘探剖面、古生物，以及环绕海南岛的3个盆地的成因等诸多证据的系统分析研究，结果表明海南岛是从北部湾旋转分离出去的，从原始位置逆时针旋转了约150°达到当前位置。其分离起始时间大约起始于65 Ma，旋转漂移主期发生在40~24 Ma，目前还在整体向东南方向漂移同时伴随着逆时针旋转。海南岛的成因机制和印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞过程密切相关，动力机制是印支地块的大规模挤出和旋转带动了海南岛从华南的裂离和旋转漂移。本研究为该碰撞过程的构造演化阶段性时限提供了远程约束。同时也对海南岛的成矿区带研究具有一定指导意义。

    Hainan Island is a relatively independent block located in the southern part of the South China Block. There exist many viewpoints for its origin. This paper is based on the systematic analysis of many pieces of evidence such as geographic geomorphology, strata, fault zone, magmatic rock, ore belt distribution, seismic exploration profile, paleontology, and genesis of three basins surrounding Hainan Island. The results show that Hainan Island was separated from Beibu Gulf and rotated about 150℃ounterclockwise from the original position to the current position. The starting time for the separation is about 65 Ma, and the main rotation drift occurred at 40-24 Ma. At present, it is still drifting toward the southeast and is accompanied by counterclockwise rotation. The genesis of Hainan Island is closely related to the collision process between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The dynamic mechanism is that the large-scale extrusion and rotation of the Indochina block has driven Hainan Island's fission and rotation drift from South China. This study provides remote constraints for the structural evolution of the collision process. At the same time, it also has certain guiding significance for the study of the metallogenic belt in Hainan Island.

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  • 图 1  东南亚区域构造简图（改自Cung and John, 2013; Lelout et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2005)

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  海南岛当前位置（a）及海南岛复原后的位置（b）(改自Google Earth)

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  海南岛当前山脉图（a）及海南岛山脉复原图（b）（复原后五指山与华南的云开大山走向一致，修改自马丽芳, 2002）

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  海南岛区域地质图（a）及复原后的区域地质图，图中地层、断层、岩浆岩吻合良好（b）（据程裕淇，2002修改）

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  海南岛复原后的成矿带分布图（据程裕淇，2002修改）

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  北部湾地震勘探剖面构造发育历史恢复（据李春荣等，2012修改）

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  环绕海南岛的3个盆地分布及其成因分析(底图据朱伟林等, 2008)

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  南海北部大陆边缘盆地演化阶段与地层分布(朱伟林等, 2008)

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷砂箱物理模拟实验对比

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  横跨琼州海峡的地震勘探剖面位置(a)及人工反射地震勘探剖面N038(b) (据张亮, 2012)和深地震测深速度结构剖面（c）(据嘉世旭, 2006)

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  海南岛区域构造简图及成因机制（a）和海南岛成因的齿轮旋转模式（b）

    Figure 11. 

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收稿日期:  2018-04-12
修回日期:  2018-05-18
刊出日期:  2018-08-25

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