Characteristics of ore-forming fluids of the Zhongshangou gold deposit, Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua area, Hebei Province: Limitation on the intrusive rock related telluride-gold deposits
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摘要:
研究目的 中山沟金矿位于华北克拉通北缘、尚义—崇礼—赤城深大断裂的南侧，是河北省张宣金矿集区典型金矿床之一。本文探讨了矿床成矿流体特征和演化，以期为该矿床找矿勘查提供理论依据。
研究方法 本文总结了中山沟金矿的成矿背景、矿区地质特征、矿体及矿石特征，选取4个阶段的代表性样品，开展了流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温、氢氧同位素、氦氩同位素等研究。
研究结果 研究发现中山沟金矿可划分为4个成矿阶段：钾长石-黄铁矿-石英阶段（Ⅰ）、乳白色石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅱ）、烟灰色石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和贫硫化物-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅳ）。各成矿阶段主要发育气液两相原生流体包裹体。流体包裹体测温数据表明，其主成矿阶段均一温度为210~250℃、盐度为6.01%~13.62% NaCleqv。氢、氧同位素研究表明，δ18O水和δDV-SMOW值分别为-2.97‰~6.96‰和-94.6‰~-80.2‰，具有明显向大气降水线发生漂移而呈线性变化的特征。黄铁矿氦、氩同位素研究表明，3He/4He值为1.82×10-7~9.24×10-7，40Ar/36Ar值为699.9~2200.4，R/Ra值为0.13~0.66，放射成因40Ar*为55.89%~86.57%，幔源He为2.00%~10.86%。
结论 中山沟金矿成矿流体经历了从中高温、中低盐度至低温、中低盐度的持续演化过程。其主成矿阶段发生了强烈的沸腾作用，成矿晚期有大量的大气降水的混入。随着成矿作用的进行，幔源物质参与成矿的比例逐渐升高。成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特点。综上所述，中山沟金矿的成矿流体具有侵入岩型碲金矿床的特点。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Zhongshangou gold deposit is located in the north margin of North China Craton and the south side of Shangyi-Chongli-Chicheng deep fault. It is one of the typical gold deposits in Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua gold concentration area, Hebei Province. This paper discusses the characteristics and evolution of ore-forming fluids, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of the deposit.
Methods This paper summarizes the regional mineralizing setting, geological characteristics of the mining area, ore body and ore characteristics. Representative samples from four metallogenic stages were selected to conduct research on fluid inclusion petrography and micro thermometry, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and helium and argon isotopes.
Results The results indicate that it can be divided into four metallogenic stages: K-feldspar-pyrite-quartz stage (Ⅰ), milky white quartz-pyrite stage (Ⅱ), smoky gray quartz-sulfide stage (Ⅲ) and sulfide-poor-carbonate stage (Ⅳ). Gas-liquid two-phase primary fluid inclusions are mainly developed in each mineralization stage. The temperature measurement data of fluid inclusions show that the homogenization temperature and salinity of main ore-forming stage are respectively 210-250℃ and 6.01%-13.62%NaCleqv. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope show that δ18OH2O and δDV-SMOW values are respectively -2.97‰-6.96‰ and -94.6‰--80.2‰, which show that the δ18OH2O values drift to the atmospheric water line and show a linear change. Helium and argon isotope of the pyrite show that 3He/4He values are 1.82×10-7-9.24×10-7, 40Ar/36Ar values are 699.9-2200.4, R/Ra values are 0.13-0.66, radiogenic 40Ar* values are 55.89%-86.57%, and mantle derived helium values are 2.00%-10.86%.
Conclusions The ore-forming fluid has experienced a continuous evolution process from medium-high temperature and medium-low salinity to low temperature and medium-low salinity. The main ore-forming stage experienced strong boiling. In the late stage of mineralization, there mixed in a large amount of meteoric water. With the development of mineralization, the proportion of mantle derived materials in mineralization increased gradually. The ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of magma fluid mixed with the crust and mantle. To sum up, the ore-forming fluid of Zhongshangou gold deposit is characterized by the intrusive rock related telluride-gold deposit.
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图 1 大地构造位置（a）及区域地质简图（b）（据宋瑞先等, 2013; Bao et al., 2016修改）
Figure 1.
图 2 中山沟金矿矿区地质图（据刘辉峰和王吉玉, 1992修编）
Figure 2.
图 3 中山沟金矿1号勘探线剖面图（据刘辉峰和王吉玉, 1992修编）
Figure 3.
图 10 中山沟金矿氢氧同位素关系图（底图据Taylor, 1974）
Figure 10.
图 11 中山沟金矿成矿流体40Ar/36Ar−R/Ra(a)和4He−3He图解(b)（底图据Mamyrin and Tolstikhin, 1984修改）
Figure 11.
表 1 中山沟金矿氢、氧同位素分析结果
Table 1. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in the Zhongshangou gold deposit
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表 2 中山沟金矿黄铁矿氦、氩同位素组成
Table 2. Helium and argon isotopic compositions of pyrite in the Zhongshangou gold deposit
下载: 导出CSV
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