The progress of research on tight oil accumulation and several scientific issues requiring further study
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摘要:
致密油是当前非常规油气勘探中的热点和最现实的领域之一，总结成藏地质研究进展并明确需要深入研究的科学问题对于完善致密油地质理论具有重要意义。当前致密油地质研究进展表现在以下几个方面：①总结了致密油三大形成条件和六项基本特征及中国陆相致密油与美国海相致密油的区别；②利用先进和高精度的储层分析测试技术对致密油储层孔-喉-缝网络体系进行了表征，并初步研究了致密油的赋存状态；③从充注动力、充注下限、运聚机理和富集模式等方面对致密油成藏机理进行了深入研究。在对研究现状总结的基础上提出当前致密油成藏研究中存在的重要科学问题有：①致密油储层微纳米尺度非均质性全息定量表征及其对致密油运聚的影响；②致密油源储结构的成因机制及其对致密油成藏、富集的控制作用；③致密油赋存状态的影响因素、转化条件及不同赋存状态/空间的相对贡献；④混合沉积与致密油形成的内在联系；⑤致密油成藏要素的综合研究与成藏机理及成藏全过程的研究。这些问题的解决将是对致密油地质研究的重要补充。
Abstract:Unconventional tight oil reservoirs, a lightspot in the present unconventional oil and gas exploration, have emerged as a significant source of oil supply in the world. The geological research, theoretical promoting, and present significant issues concerning tight oil will supply and prefect geological theory on unconventional hydrocarbon. Currently, the development of geological research on tight oil can be concluded as follows:① Three main formation conditions and six basic characteristics about tight oil as well as the differences between continental tight oil in China and marine tight oil in the USA have been summarized. ② Pore-throat-fracture network in the tight-oil reservoir has been characterized with advanced and high-precision analysis and testing technology, the formation of tight oil being the primary research object. ③ The accumulation mechanism of tight oil has been deeply studied, which includes charge dynamics, the threshold of charging, migration mechanism, accumulating model, etc. Based on the research status about tight oil, this paper puts forward several important questions about tight oil:① Holographic quantitative heterogeneity characterization on the tight oil reservoir at a micro-nano scale and its effect on tight oil migration and accumulation; ② the genesis of source-reservoir configuration and its control on tight oil accumulation and enrichment; ③ the influence factors and transformation conditions of the occurrence of tight oil, and the relative contribution of different kinds of occurrence status and space; ④ the internal relationship between the mixed sedimentary system in saline lacustrine basins and the formation of tight oil; ⑤ a comprehensive study of the tight oil accumulation factors, and the accumulation mechanism and its whole process. The answers of these questions will play a significant role in geological research on tight oil.
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图 4 美国Parshall油田受岩浆活动影响而形成的Ro变化及致密油运聚特征（Newman et al., 2013）
Figure 4.
表 2 中国与美国致密油地质特征与形成条件对比（据胡素云等，2019；孙龙德等，2019）
Table 2. Geological characteristics and formation conditions of tight oil in China and the USA (after Hu Suyun et al., 2019; Sun Longde et al., 2019)
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表 3 致密储层微观孔隙结构测试表征技术方法及优势与局限性
Table 3. Characterization methods of tight-oil reservoirs' micro pore structure and their advantages and limitations
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表 4 Bakken致密油产油井与非产油井热解参数对比（据Maende and Weldon, 2013）
Table 4. Comparisons between pyrolysis and TOC data of oil productive wells and one non-oil productive well in Bakken tight oil play(after Maende and Weldon, 2013)
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