Metallogenic characteristics and prospecting indicators of Nb-REE polymetallic deposits in Hulunxibai area, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床（点），矿床（点）产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上，矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内，其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制，并与磁异常对应，其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%~0.56%、平均0.11%，REO品位0.13%~2.63%，平均0.93%，辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%~0.1%，与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似，成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征，初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为：二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变（褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等）和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路，也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。
Abstract:In recent years, many Nb-REE deposits (ore spots) have been discovered in Hulunxibai area on the eastern margin of Beishan metallogenic belt. The deposits (ore spot) occur in the external contact zone of Permian adamellite, and the orebodies occur in the littoral-shallow marine carbonate and metamorphic detrital rocks. The morphology, attitude and scale of the orebody are controlled by tectonic-magmatic activity, and orebody position is consistent with the magnetic anomaly. The Nb2O5 grade of northeast Huishi Mountain mining area is generally between 0.02% and 0.56%, with an average of 0.11%, and the REO grade is between 0.13% and 2.63%, with an average of 0.93%. The Nb2O5 grade of the west Huisenwula mining area is between 0.01% and 0.1%. The metallogenic type is similar to that of the superlarge Nb-REE-Fe deposit in Bayan Obo. The metallogenic potential of NbREE deposits in this area is enormous. Combined with regional geological setting and metallogenic characteristics of the Nb-REE polymetallic mineralization zone, the authors hold that prospecting indicators for this type of Nb-REE polymetallic deposits in this area are as follows:ⅰ. Permian littoral-shallow marine carbonate and metamorphic detrital rocks strata; ⅱ. free space or transfer sites between ductile and brittle deformation from the tectonic compression; ⅲ. Permian adamellite outer contact zone; ⅳ. aeroradiometric anomaly gradient zone and magnetic anomaly; ⅴ. wall-rock alteration (limonitization, silicification, carbonatization, etc); ⅵ. fine quartz network veins development area. The study of the metallogenic characteristics and prospecting indicators of the Nb-REE polymetallic deposits in this area is helpful to promoting the prospecting ideas of rare earth, rare metal and rare-scattered elements mineral resources in Beishan area, and can also provide a reference for the prospecting direction of such deposits.
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表 1 灰石山东北铌稀土矿化蚀变带特征简表
Table 1. Characteristic table of Nb-REE mineralized alteration zone in northeast Huishi Mountain
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表 2 辉森乌拉西铌金矿化蚀变带特征简表
Table 2. Characteristic table of Nb-Au mineralized alteration zone in west Huisenwula
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表 3 呼伦西白地区铌稀土矿与白云鄂博超大型矿床对比
Table 3. Comparison of the Nb-REE deposits (ore spots) in Hulunxibai area and Nb-REE-Fe superlarge deposits in Bayan Obo
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