Mantle convection inversion: Perspective and hypothesis of global inversion tectonics
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摘要:
研究目的 全球中生代与新生代油气盆地在其发育某一阶段发生了构造反转，早期的裂陷盆地在反转期被反转盆地叠加与改造，本文以地幔对流反转作用（区域性反转作用或局部性反转作用）为视角，尝试对地壳表层反转构造成因提出深部解决途径。
研究方法 基于地球物理资料，借助构造地质学、地球物理学研究手段，对全球中、新生代盆地在白垩纪末期、古近纪末期的构造反转事件及反转构造特征进行归纳与对比，研究大洋、大陆板内裂陷盆地正构造反转时间，与其之临近的陆陆板块间造山带内负反转构造事件时间具有同期性，建立了反转构造发育的地幔对流反转模型，研究盆山耦合与局部性地幔对流单元及其变化的关联性。
研究结果 大量证据表明大陆板内裂陷盆地正构造反转时间，与其之临近的陆陆板块间造山带内负反转构造事件时间具有同期性，例如大别造山带造山挤压、伸展塌陷与南华北盆地及合肥盆地伸展裂陷、收缩反转分别具有对应关联性，这种盆山耦合推测是由局部性地幔对流单元及其变化所制约关联起来的。造山带的垮塌不是由于板块间的俯冲作用减弱或汇聚速率减小而引起的重力垮塌，推测根本原因可能是地幔对流方式、方向的改变所引起的间歇性伸展裂陷。大洋板内裂谷（大洋中脊）的正反转构造作用时间与俯冲带内负反转构造作用时间也具有同期性，尽管目前的证据不是很充分。无论板块间活动带内反转构造事件下的反转构造，还是板内裂陷盆地内的反转构造作用下产生的反转构造，都标志着这些构造单元的构造演化进入到一个新的发育演化阶段。
结论 反转构造产生的动力机制涉及到的地幔对流的反向流动，地幔对流反转所引起的岩石圈或地壳反向收缩运动导致盆地反转收缩变形。本构想的深远意义是对地幔对流状态、动力及其变化的理解、研究将会对板块反向运动启动机制研究产生深远的影响。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective Inversion tectonics occurred at a specific period in the evolution of worldwide hydrocarbon basins throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. It involved the modification and superimposition of early rift basins to induce inversion. With a focus on regional or localized mantle convection inversion, this study attempts to explain the factors that contribute to inversion tectonics in the Earth's crust.
Methods Based on geophysical data, with the help of tectonic geology and geophysical research methods, summarize and compare the tectonic inversion events and characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the late Cretaceous and Paleogene periods worldwide, study the positive tectonic inversion time of oceanic and continental intraplate rift basins, and establish a mantle convection inversion model for the development of inversion structures. The time of negative tectonic inversion events in adjacent continental plate orogenic belts is synchronous, Study the correlation between basin mountain coupling and local mantle convection units and their variations.
Results A large amount of evidence indicates that the time of positive tectonic inversion in continental rift basins is synchronous with the time of negative tectonic inversion events in the adjacent continental plate orogenic belts. For example, the compression and extensional collapse of the Dabie orogenic belt are correspondingly correlated with the extensional rift and contraction inversion of the South Huabei Basin and Hefei Basin, respectively. Although the current evidence may not be exhaustive, the positive and negative inversion tectonics in the rift valleys (mid−ocean ridges) of oceanic plates and the negative inversion tectonics within subduction zones demonstrate a contemporaneous relationship. Irrespective of their origin in rift basins or interplate active zones, inversion tectonics constitute a developmental and evolutionary transition of the tectonic units they represent. Although there is some acceptance regarding the development of these inversion tectonics, the underlying mechanisms that cause their formation in various tectonic units continue to be unclear. Whether it is the reverse structures generated by the reverse tectonic events in the inter plate active zone or the reverse structures generated by the reverse tectonic actions in the intra plate rift basin, all indicate that the tectonic evolution of these structural units has entered a new stage of development and evolution.
Conclusions By capitalizing on the correlation between extensively dispersed inversion tectonics across the exterior of the Earth and preceding tectonic features, we propose that inverse flow in mantle convection underlies the dynamic mechanism that triggers the formation of inversion tectonics. In this study, we lay out a model that explains the inverse contraction movements in the lithosphere or crust that occur as a result of mantle convection inversion and the mechanisms that initiate these movements in inversion tectonics. The theory in consideration holds immense importance due to its capability to greatly influence the comprehension and investigation of mantle convection states, dynamics, and their variations. Consequently, this could have a profound effect on the pursuit of mechanisms that cause inverse plate movements.
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图 2 南波罗的海中央Rφnne地堑白垩纪末期盆地反转的地震解释剖面（据Buchanan and Ruchanan, 1995）
Figure 2.
图 4 阿根廷西San Jorge盆地白垩纪末期反转构造地震剖面（a）和解释剖面（b）（据Buchanan and Ruchanan, 1995）
Figure 4.
图 7 中国东海盆地中新世末期反转构造地震解释剖面（据Buchanan and Ruchanan, 1995）
Figure 7.
图 8 日本海Noto peninsula构造带中中新世末期发育的反转构造（据Horne et al., 2017)
Figure 8.
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