Pollution and health risks assessment of heavy metals of road dust in Korla City, Xinjiang
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摘要:
为探究绿洲城市道路积尘重金属污染风险，在新疆库尔勒市采集54个代表性道路积尘样品，分析其中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr和Cu等6种元素含量，基于GIS技术与地学统计法，采用污染负荷指数法和US EPA健康风险评价模型，对道路积尘中重金属污染及潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明：库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu等元素含量的平均值均小于土壤环境质量—建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（GB 36600—2018）中的筛选值，但Cr元素含量平均值为相应筛选值的9.90倍。污染评价结果表明，研究区道路积尘中Cr呈现重度污染，Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu呈无污染。道路积尘中重金属元素的污染负荷指数介于0.0142~0.0522，平均值为0.0266，处于无污染水平。从道路积尘重金属污染空间分布格局来看，库尔勒市东北部和北部区域出现污染高值区。健康风险评估结果表明，经手-口摄入途径是库尔勒市道路积尘重金属日均暴露量及健康风险的主要途径，儿童受到的健康风险高于成人。库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr与Cu等元素的非致癌风险及致癌风险处于安全范围内，As对非致癌风险的贡献最大，Cr对致癌风险的贡献最大。
Abstract:In order to evaluate the pollution risk of heavy metals in road dust of the oasis city, the authors collected a total of 54 typical road dust samples from Korla, Xinjiang, and analyzed the concentrations of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Cu elements. The pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in road dust were analyzed on the basis of GIS technology and geostatistical analysis methods and by using the Pollution Load Index and the US EPA health risk assessment model. The obtained results indicate that the average concentrations of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and Cu elements in the road dust of Korla City are less than the screening values of the Soil Environmental Quality-Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land (GB 36600-2018), but the average concentration of Cr exceeds the corresponding screening value by factor of 9.90 times. The results of pollution assessment indicate that heavy metals in the collected dust samples are heavily polluted by Cr, without pollution by Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and Cu. The Pollution Load Index of heavy metals in road dust varies in the range of 0.0142~0.0522, with an average value of 0.0266, at the no pollution level. The spatial distribution patterns of the six heavy metals in road dust indicate that the high concentrations are distributed mainly in the northeastern and northern areas of Korla City. The results of health risk assessment indicate that the handmouth ingest intake is the dominant pathway of the average daily exposure and health risks of road dusts in Korla, and the health risk of heavy metals in road dust for children are higher than that for adults. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of metals such as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Cu in road dust in Korla is within the safe range. As contributes most to non-carcinogenic risk, whereas Cr contributes most to carcinogenic risk of road dust in Korla City.
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Key words:
- road dust /
- heavy metals /
- environmental geological survey project /
- pollution /
- health risks /
- Korla City /
- Xinjiang
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表 3 重金属不同暴露途径的参考剂量（RfD）和斜率因子（SF）
Table 3. Reference dose (RfD) and slope factor (SF) for different exposure routes of heavy metals
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表 4 库尔勒市道路积尘重金属元素含量（mg/kg）统计(n=54)
Table 4. Statistic of heavy metals concentrations of road dusts in Korla (n=54)
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表 5 库尔勒市道路积尘重金属污染水平(n=54)
Table 5. Pollution level of heavy metals of road dust in Korla (n=54)
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