Petrological characteristics and origin of the sandstone−type uranium deposits in the northern Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 铀资源是中国重要的战略资源和能源矿产，为更好地勘探和开发四川盆地北部砂岩型铀矿，有必要深入了解其地质特征和成矿模式。
研究方法 本文通过野外调查、岩矿鉴定和地球化学分析研究了砂岩型铀矿的岩石学特征，分析了其成矿过程。
研究结果 含矿主岩主要为下白垩统苍溪组钙质胶结中—细粒砂岩和砾岩。铀以自生铀矿物的形式存在，铀矿物主要为铀石，呈他形、半自形和自形柱状。
结论 米仓山铁船山组变质酸性火山岩和花岗岩为盆地砂岩型铀矿的形成提供了初始铀源。铀在水溶液中以碳酸铀酰离子的形式迁移，富含有机质和黄铁矿的沼泽和停滞水还原环境破坏了碳酸铀酰离子，使铀元素以沉积成岩为主局部叠加后生富集作用成矿。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Uranium resources are China's important strategic resources and energy minerals. The thorough understanding of geological characteristics and metallogenic models of sandstone–type uranium deposits in the northern Sichuan Basin is to the benefit of exploration and development.
Methods The petrological characteristics of sandstone–type uranium deposits are studied through field investigation, rock and mineral identification and geochemical analysis, and the mineralization process is analyzed.
Results The ore–bearing rocks are mainly the calcareous cementation medium–fine–grained sandstone and conglomerate of the Lower Cretaceous Cangxi Formation. Uranium exists in the form of authigenic uranium minerals. Uranium minerals are mainly coffinite, which are in xenomorphic, euhedral and hypautomorphic granular.
Conclusions The metamorphic acidic volcanic rocks and granites of the Tiechuanshan Formation in Micangshan provided the initial uranium source for the formation of sandstone–type uranium deposits in the basin. Uranium migrates in the form of carbonic acid containing uranyl ions in the aqueous solution. The reductive environment of swamps and stagnant water rich in organic matter and pyrite destroys the carbonic acid containing uranyl ions, causing uranium to precipitate and accumulate in the primary diagenesis stage and secondary epigenesis stage.
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表 1 样品采取位置及分析鉴定
Table 1. Sampling position and analysis identification
样品编号 采样位置 铀含量/% 铀矿石品级 分析类型 KD3–b1 301铀矿床坑道KD–3坑口铀矿体露头 1.400 富矿石 电子探针、扫描电镜 LD3–b1 128铀矿点坑道KD–2坑口铀矿体露头 0.091 贫矿石 — LD4–b1 128铀矿点坑道KD–3坑口铀矿体露头 0.286 普通矿石 电子探针 KDht–b2 50铀矿点坑道KD–1铀矿体 0.522 富矿石 电子探针、扫描电镜 注：铀矿石品级，富矿石≥0.3%；普通矿石0.1%~0.3%；贫矿石＜0.1%。 
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表 2 铀矿石扫描电镜能谱分析结果（%）
Table 2. Scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum analysis results of uranium ore (%)
编号 测点 U O Si Al Ti C Fe Ca Na K Mg N P S Pb Tc 总计 矿物名称 KDht−b2 b2−1 1 5.39 1.16 5.79 8.7 76.9 2.06 100.00 方铅矿 2 72.52 16.42 6.55 1.3 1.88 1.33 100.00 沥青铀矿 b2−2 1 5.78 1.58 3.05 9.98 77.78 1.83 100.00 方铅矿 2 61.24 24.22 8.46 1.86 1.77 1.72 0.72 99.99 铀石 b2−3 1 46.61 4.34 2.61 39.47 1.9 2.43 0.65 2.01 100.02 钛铁矿 2 74.76 17.46 4.38 0.7 1.05 1.31 0.34 100.00 沥青铀矿 3 54.99 43.22 1.79 100.00 石英 4 36.14 1.85 62.01 100.00 方解石 b2−4 线扫描 21.21 42.09 20.61 2.35 4.63 1.31 2.77 2.95 2.07 99.99 铀石 b2−
COXEM−
1126 25.62 43.03 9.29 2.27 13.02 1.68 2.27 1.82 1.01 100.01 铀石 27微区 19.63 38.10 12.36 4.85 14.85 5.09 1.80 0.70 2.61 99.99 铀石 KD3−b1 b1−1 1 52.18 29.13 9.84 2.53 1.85 1.04 0.99 0.93 0.61 0.51 0.39 100.00 铀石 2 48.27 0.69 2.33 47.29 1.41 99.99 方解石 3 54.92 40.61 4.46 99.99 石英 4 47.57 31.13 7.67 4.19 2.03 3.47 0.88 2.77 0.29 100.00 铀石 b1−2 1 14.87 2.24 1 4.77 35.37 0.89 40.86 100.00 黄铁矿
（部分褐
铁矿化）b1−3 1 43.12 53.74 2.72 99.58 锐钛矿 2 53.53 43.41 3.06 100.00 石英 3 9.39 4.93 36.83 48.85 100.00 黄铁矿 4 41.89 2.71 55.4 100.00 方解石 5 69.97 21.61 5.79 0.93 1.24 0.46 100.00 铀石 b2−5 b1−3的
面扫描3.91 49.07 21.56 3.09 6.37 3.03 2.99 7.56 2.41 99.99
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表 3 含铀砂岩硅酸盐分析结果（%）
Table 3. Silicate analysis results of uranium−bearing sandstone (%)
样号 LD2-b1 KD1-b2 铀异常岩石平均 LD3-b1 LD4-b1 KDht-b1 KDht-b2 KD3-b1 铀矿石平均 SiO2 46.85 62.36 54.605 42.82 47.18 62.67 55.71 53.78 52.43 Al2O3 8.52 9.61 9.065 5.95 6.81 10.15 7.65 8.11 7.73 Fe2O3 1.37 1.81 1.59 0.935 0.879 1.56 0.871 1.5 1.15 TFe 2.01 2.83 2.42 1.45 1.53 3.2 2 2.94 2.22 FeO 1.36 2.02 1.69 1.03 1.18 2.71 1.79 2.44 1.83 CaO 18.25 7.98 13.115 23.58 20.18 6.85 14.37 11.08 15.21 MgO 1.91 2.11 2.01 1.43 1.47 2.82 1.46 1.64 1.76 K2O 1.89 1.66 1.775 1.06 1.23 1.76 1.27 1.35 1.33 Na2O 1.06 1.7 1.38 1.2 1.23 1.66 1.57 1.41 1.41 TiO2 0.507 0.639 0.573 0.344 0.463 0.597 0.498 0.44 0.47 P2O5 0.102 0.12 0.111 0.077 0.113 0.116 0.176 0.108 0.12 MnO 0.16 0.088 0.124 0.129 0.127 0.067 0.121 0.141 0.12 灼失 17.24 8.9 13.07 20.74 17.93 7.84 12.74 13.64 14.58 H2O+ 2.72 2.66 2.69 1.98 2.06 3.14 2.42 3.1 2.54 总和 103.95 104.49 104.218 102.73 102.38 105.14 102.65 101.68 102.91 铀含量 0.018 0.021 0.01945 0.091 0.286 0.303 0.522 1.400 矿石品级 贫矿石 普通矿石 富矿石 富矿石 富矿石
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表 4 铀矿物电子探针分析结果（%）
Table 4. Electron probe analysis results of uranium minerals (%)
样品编号 LD4-b1 KD3-b1 KDht-b2 测点 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 Y2O3 / / 0.15 / / / / / SiO2 / 11.78 15.68 13.12 13.43 16.64 13.86 17.27 FeO / / 0.68 0.65 0.46 0.39 0.34 0.57 UO2 57.52 58.32 66.71 69.26 60.52 67.94 72.57 67.6 MgO 0.03 0.08 0.39 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.08 Na2O 0.1 / / 0.07 / 0.07 / / TiO2 / / / 0.49 0.31 0.62 / 0.28 K2O 0.57 0.19 0.33 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.25 0.23 As2O5 / 0.34 0.06 0.06 / / 0.07 0.04 Al2O3 / 0.06 1.39 0.55 0.95 0.78 0.3 0.93 MnO / / / / 0.08 0.18 / 0.26 ThO2 / / / / / / / / V2O3 15.15 0.18 / / 0.11 0.1 / / CaO 10.4 14.49 0.59 1.03 1.18 1.21 0.84 1.72 Nd2O3 0.5 / 0.37 / / / / / SO3 / / 0.05 / 0.06 / 0.08 / Ce2O3 / / 0.44 0.47 0.18 0.18 0.48 0.18 P2O5 / 0.45 0.94 1.24 0.91 1.63 0.97 1.34 La2O3 / / / / 0.29 / / 0.22 PbO / / 0.31 0.1 10 / 0.41 / Pr2O3 / / 0.07 / / / 0.21 0.11 SnO2 / / / / / / / / ZrO2 / / 0.17 0.1 0.06 / 0.16 0.03 总量 84.27 85.89 88.33 87.36 88.81 90.03 90.57 90.86 矿物 铀石 铀石 铀石 铀石 铀石 铀石 沥青铀矿 铀石 注：“/”表示元素含量低于检测限，未检出。
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