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不同耕作类型下土壤-农作物系统中汞、砷含量与生态健康风险评价

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朱丹尼, 邹胜章, 周长松, 卢海平, 谢浩. 2021. 不同耕作类型下土壤-农作物系统中汞、砷含量与生态健康风险评价[J]. 中国地质, 48(3): 708-720. doi: 10.12029/gc20210303
引用本文: 朱丹尼, 邹胜章, 周长松, 卢海平, 谢浩. 2021. 不同耕作类型下土壤-农作物系统中汞、砷含量与生态健康风险评价[J]. 中国地质, 48(3): 708-720. doi: 10.12029/gc20210303
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ZHU Danni, ZOU Shengzhang, ZHOU Changsong, LU Haiping, XIE Hao. 2021. Hg and As contents of soil-crop system in different tillage types and ecological health risk assessment[J]. Geology in China, 48(3): 708-720. doi: 10.12029/gc20210303
Citation: ZHU Danni, ZOU Shengzhang, ZHOU Changsong, LU Haiping, XIE Hao. 2021. Hg and As contents of soil-crop system in different tillage types and ecological health risk assessment[J]. Geology in China, 48(3): 708-720. doi: 10.12029/gc20210303
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不同耕作类型下土壤-农作物系统中汞、砷含量与生态健康风险评价

  • 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004

  • 基金项目:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0406104)、广西重点研发计划课题(2018AB37008)和中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190825)联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 朱丹尼, 女, 1991年生, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要从事岩溶水文地质、环境地质方面的研究; E-mail: zhudanni@mail.cgs.gov.cn
    通讯作者: 卢海平, 男, 1987年生, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为岩溶水文地质; E-mail: luhaiping@mail.cgs.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: X53

Hg and As contents of soil-crop system in different tillage types and ecological health risk assessment

  • Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of National Resources, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China

  • Fund Project: Funded by National Key R & D Program (No.2017YFC0406104), Guangxi Key R & D Program (No.2018AB37008) and Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey (No.DD20190825)
More Information
    Author Bio: ZHU Danni, female, born in 1991, master, assistant researcher, engaged in the research of karst hydrogeology and environmental geology; E-mail: zhudanni@mail.cgs.gov.cn .
    Corresponding author: LU Haiping, male, born in 1987, master, assistant researcher, engaged in the karst hydrogeology research; E-mail: luhaiping@mail.cgs.gov.cn

    摘要

  • 针对废弃矿山遗留生态环境问题，选择贵州丹寨废弃金汞矿为研究区，基于野外系统样品采集，通过原子荧光法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析了区内土壤和农作物中的汞(Hg)、砷(As)浓度，采用单指标污染标准指数法、单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和目标危险系数法评价了区内Hg、As污染程度及生态健康风险。结果显示：旱地土壤Hg、As平均浓度均超农用地土壤重金属风险筛选值，超标率分别为75.47%和67.92%；土壤Hg污染严重，总体呈极重污染级别，土壤As则以中—极重污染级别为主；玉米地上部分(以下简称玉米)Hg、As超标率分别为36.36%和4.55%，玉米Hg处于轻污染水平，玉米As总体未受污染。相比于旱地-玉米系统，水田土壤Hg的超标率和污染程度均更高，超标率高达89.19%，呈极重污染级别，而水田土壤As超标率仅为22.22%，As污染水平低于旱地土壤；水稻地上部分(以下简称水稻)Hg、As平均浓度均略超食品安全标准，超标率分别为54.55%和18.18%，水稻Hg、As污染均高于玉米，污染等级处于轻-中污染水平。生态健康风险评价表明，土壤Hg以极强生态风险为主、As以轻微生态风险为主；虽然土壤富集Hg，但其向农作物籽实的迁移量小，因此食用玉米和大米对人体健康尚不构成Hg非致癌风险。然而，水稻As富集导致食用大米对人群产生明显的As非致癌和致癌健康风险。该研究对保障矿区居民生活健康具有重要意义，研究结果可为矿区生态环境影响评估及生态恢复提供科学依据。

    Aiming at the problems of ecological environment left behind by abandoned mines, the abandoned gold-mercury mine in Danzhai, Guizhou Province was selected as the research area. Based on the field systematic sampling, the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the soils and crops were analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The heavy metal pollution level and ecological health risk of soils and crops were evaluated by single factor standard index, single factor index method, potential ecological hazard index and target hazard quotient. The results show that the average concentrations of Hg and As in dryland soil exceed the screening value of heavy metals in agricultural soils, with the exceeding rates of 75.47% and 67.92% respectively. Dryland soil Hg is seriously polluted, showing extremely heavy pollution level, while soil As is mainly medium to extremely heavy pollution. The exceeding rates of Hg and As in aboveground parts of corn (hereinafter referred to as corn) are 36.36% and 4.55% respectively. Corn Hg is slightly polluted, and corn As is not polluted in general. Compared with the dryland-corn system, the Hg over-standard rate and pollution degree of paddy soil are higher, with the exceeding rate of 89.19%, showing an extreme pollution level. However, the over-standard rate of As in paddy soil is only 22.22%, and the As pollution level is lower than that of dryland soil. The average Hg and As concentrations of aboveground rice (hereinafter referred to as rice) are slightly higher than the food safety standards, and the exceeding rates are 54.55% and 18.18% respectively. The Hg and As pollution levels of rice keep higher than those of corn, and the pollution levels is in the light to medium range. The potential ecological hazard index shows that Hg ecological risk in soils is mainly extremely strong, and As ecological risk is mainly slight. It is difficult for Hg to migrate to crop seeds, so there is no obvious non-carcinogenic risks by eating corn and rice. However, the accumulation of As in rice can result in significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. This study is of great significance to ensure the health of mining residents, and the results can provide scientific basis for the ecological environment impact assessment and ecological restoration in mining areas.

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  • 图 1  丹寨金汞矿区土壤及农作物采样点分布图

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  旱地-玉米系统Hg、As频数分布图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  水田-水稻系统Hg、As频数分布图

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  不同农田耕作类型土壤Hg、As含量对比

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  不同农作物类型Hg、As含量对比

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  旱地-玉米系统重金属污染分布图

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  水田-水稻系统重金属污染分布图

    Figure 7. 

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    表 1  单指标污染标准指数法和单因子污染指数法污染评价分级

    Table 1.  Index grades of single factor standard index and single factor index method

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    表 2  健康风险评价模型参数取值

    Table 2.  Exposure parameters of health risk assessment model

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    表 3  不同耕作类型下重金属含量特征统计(mg/kg)

    Table 3.  Statistics of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) in different tillage types

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  不同耕作类型下Hg、As污染评价结果统计

    Table 4.  Statistics of Hg and As pollution assessment results in different tillage types

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    表 5  土壤Hg、As潜在生态危害指数

    Table 5.  Potential ecological risk coefficients for Hg and As in soils

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    表 6  农作物Hg、As健康风险指数

    Table 6.  Health risk index of Hg and As in crops

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收稿日期:  2020-04-06
修回日期:  2020-07-05
刊出日期:  2021-06-25

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