Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of coastline in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1975 to 2018
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摘要:
海岸带是陆地向海洋延伸的过渡地带，是人口最为密集、人类活动最频繁的区域，全球超过50%的人口和60%的GDP总量集聚在离海岸线不足100 km的区域。海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用。本研究利用遥感影像获取了粤港澳大湾区(以下简称大湾区)1975—2018年间的大陆海岸线数据，并基于GIS平台，对海岸线开发利用程度以及空间位置变迁进行了定量分析，探讨了海岸线变迁的驱动力。结果表明：(1)大湾区大陆岸线时空变化明显，总体可分为两个阶段。1975—1995年，岸线长度上升明显，岸线类型格局变化显著；1995年后，岸线长度增长较缓，但建设用地态势增长强劲。(2)大湾区大陆岸线整体形态上不断曲折化，分形维数逐渐增长；空间位置变化上，大陆岸线不断向海推进，年平均速率达9.91 m/a，向海延伸最远的地方出现在洪奇门至蕉门和虎跳门至鸡啼门岸段附近，最大值可达197.88 m/a。(3)大湾区大陆岸线的开发利用程度及人类活动干预程度处于逐渐增强的趋势，人为影响主要体现为港口码头建筑岸线及围填养殖岸线。(4)大湾区的地形地貌、水文特征等自然环境是岸线演变的基础，社会经济发展和政策是岸线演变的重要驱动因素。在20世纪末，发展速度对海岸线的影响最大；在21世纪初，发展强度则为演变的主要影响因素。
Abstract:Coastline transitionally extending from land to sea is the most densely populated area with the most frequent human activities. More than 50% of the global population and 60% of GDP are concentrated in the area less than 100 km away from the coastline. Coastline plays an important indicator role in sea level rise, coastal erosion, estuary siltation, wetland ecological resources, and coastal environment, etc. Remote sensing images were interpreted to acquire data about coastline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA) from 1975 to 2018. Based on GIS platform, the spatio-temporal changes and influencing factors of shoreline were analyzed. The results reveal that the mainland coastline in GBA witnessed significant temporal and spatial changes, which could be divided into two stages. From 1975 to 1995, the length of shoreline increased significantly, the pattern of shoreline type changed significantly; after 1995, the coastline length increased slowly, but the construction land increased strongly. From 1975 to 2018, the coastline of GBA became more and more tortuous, and the fractal dimension increased. In terms of spatial position change, the coastline of the mainland continued to advance toward the sea, with an average rate of 9.91 m/a. The farthest extension to the sea occurred from Hongqimen to Jiaomen and from Hutiaomen to Jitimens with the maximum rate of 197.88 m/a. The development and utilization of the mainland coastline and the intervention of human activities on coastline evolution in GBA increased gradually. The main shorelines affected by human activities were port construction shoreline and reclamation aquaculture shoreline. The natural environment of GBA, such as topography and hydro-logical characteristics was the basis of coastline evolution. Social and economic development and policies were the important driving factors of coastline evolution. At the end of the 20th century, the development speed had the greatest impact on the coastline, and the development intensity was still the main factor at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Key words:
- shoreline change /
- Guangdong /
- Hong Kong /
- Macao /
- GIS
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表 1 大湾区大陆海岸线遥感数据源信息
Table 1. The data sources and description of shoreline in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay
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表 2 大湾区大陆岸线开发利用强度指数表
Table 2. Utilization strength index of the coastline in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
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表 3 大湾区大陆岸线类型长度(km)统计(1975—2018年)
Table 3. The shoreline type length changes of GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1975 to 2018
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表 4 大湾区大陆岸线人工化指数(%)统计(1975—2018年)
Table 4. Artificial shoreline index of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1975 to 2018
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表 5 大湾区大陆岸线分形维数变化统计(1975—2018年)
Table 5. The shoreline fractal features changes of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1975 to 2018
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