Petrology and geochemistry of the K-bentonites at the Ordovician-Silurian transition in XD2 well, Daguan, Yunnan Province
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摘要:
扬子地台内晚奥陶世末—早志留世初五峰—龙马溪组内沉积了多层钾质斑脱岩，但对于该时期扬子地台西缘钾质斑脱岩的研究报道相对较少。本文旨在通过对云南大关地区新地2井五峰—龙马溪组内沉积的钾质斑脱岩进行矿物学及地球化学分析，进一步确定扬子西缘该时期钾质斑脱岩原始岩浆类型及其所产生的构造环境。矿物学特征表明，钾质斑脱岩主要由黏土矿物和非黏土矿物组成，其中黏土矿物由伊利石和伊蒙混层组成，非黏土矿物以石英、长石、方解石、白云石和黄铁矿等为主。钾质斑脱岩主量元素以高K2O，低TiO2为特征，微量元素特征表现为富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等元素，Ti、P元素相对亏损，Ti/Th值指示了酸性火山灰的性质；ΣREE在（49.86~209.43）×10-6；与球粒陨石相比，轻稀土轻微富集、具Eu负异常，无Ce异常；在Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2图解中，数据点主要落在安山岩和粗面英安岩之间，表明钾质斑脱岩源岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆；依据微量元素特征和构造环境判别结果，初步认为原始岩浆可能形成于岛弧环境，其火山灰来源可能与扬子北缘早古生代秦岭洋闭合过程中的板块碰撞有关。
Abstract:Many K-bentonites have been recognized from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) in the Yangtze Block,but only a few of them on the western margin of the Yangtze Block are reported. The mineralogical and geochemical studies of K-bentonites in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations through Xindi 2 well in Daguan area of Yunnan province were carried out to confirm the original magma type and its tectonic setting. The mineralogical characteristics show that the potassium bentonite is mainly composed of clay minerals and non-clay minerals,in which the clay minerals are composed of illite and illite-montmorillonite mixed beds. The non-clay minerals are mainly quartz,feldspar,calcite,dolomite and pyrite. It is geochemically characterized by high K2O and low TiO2,relative enrichment of Rb,Ba,Th and U and depletion of Ti and P elements. The Ti/Th values indicates acidic volcanic ash character. Compared with the chondrite,the total rare earth elements is (49.86-209.43)×10-6 with slight rich LREE and negative Eu amomaly,without Ce abnormity. In Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 diagram,the data dots are mainly plotted in the andesite and trachy andesite range,which shows that the volcanic ash is mostly from middle-acid rocks. Various chemical discrimination diagrams and trace elements imply that K-bentonites were possibly derived from an island arc environment,and the volcanic ash was probably related to the subduction and closure of the Qinling Ocean on the northern border of Yangtze Plate in the Early Paleozoic.
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Key words:
- XD2 well /
- K-bentonite /
- Ordovician-Silurian transition /
- geochemistry /
- source magma /
- tectonic setting /
- Daguan /
- Yunnan Province
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图 2 新地2井柱状图和样品采样位置图(生物化石带据Chen et al., 2006)
Figure 2.
表 1 新地2井五峰—龙马溪组内钾质斑脱岩矿物成分（X衍射分析））
Table 1. Mineral compositions of K-bentonite samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in XD2 well (XRD)
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表 2 新地2井岩心内五峰—龙马溪组钾质斑脱岩及参考样品主量元素含量（%）
Table 2. Analytical data of major elements(%) of K-bentonite from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in XD2 well and reference samples
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表 3 新地2井岩心内五峰—龙马溪组钾质斑脱岩微量元素含量（10-6）
Table 3. Analytical data of trace elements (10-6) of K-bentonite samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in XD2 well
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表 4 新地2井岩心内五峰—龙马溪组钾质斑脱岩稀土元素含量（10-6）
Table 4. Analytical data of REE(10-6) of K-bentonite samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in XD2 well
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