Distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of high fluoride groundwater in Luan River Delta and suggestions for its utilization
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摘要:
研究目的 滦河三角洲存在原生高氟地下水，查明地下水中氟的空间分布特征并分析其富集机理，有利于保障当地居民的用水安全。
研究方法 本研究在现场采集了96个浅层和190个深层地下水样品，系统分析了地下水的水化学特征和高氟地下水形成的水文地球化学过程。
研究结果 结果表明，滦河三角洲有8%的浅层地下水样品和21%的深层地下水样品氟含量高于中国生活饮用水标准和地下水质量标准的1.0 mg/L。浅层高氟地下水呈局部小范围分布，而深层高氟水广泛分布在以HCO3-Na·Ca型水为主的含水层中。PHREEQC饱和指数计算结果表明，地下水中萤石为不饱和状态，萤石矿物溶解是地下水中F-的主要来源。
结论 对比分析浅层和深层高氟地下水的水化学特征发现，蒸发浓缩作用对浅层地下水中F-富集影响显著，而深层地下水氟富集主要受解吸与竞争吸附和阳离子交换控制。海水入侵对地下水中氟富集的影响较小。因此，本研究建议浅层和深层高氟水应分别通过电化学法和混凝沉淀法或吸附法降氟处理。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective The Luanhe River Delta has naturally occurring high fluoride groundwater. Identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of fluoride in groundwater and analyzing its enrichment mechanism is beneficial for ensuring the safety of local residents' water supply.
Methods This study collected a total of 96 shallow and 190 deep groundwater samples on-site and conducted a systematic analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the hydrogeochemical processes related to the formation of high fluoride groundwater.
Results Results show that 8% of the shallow groundwater samples and 21% of the deep groundwater samples in the Luan River Delta contain fluoride content higher than 1.0 mg/L of Chinese drinking water standards and groundwater quality standards. Shallow high fluoride groundwater is locally distributed in a small area, while deep high fluoride water is mainly concentrated in deep aquifers dominated by HCO3-Na·Ca type water. The calculation result of PHREEQC saturation index indicates that fluorite in groundwater is unsaturated, and fluorite mineral dissolution is the main source of groundwater F-.
Conlusions A comparative analysis of the water chemistry characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater with high F- suggested that evaporation and concentration have a significant impact on the enrichment of F- in shallow groundwater, while the enrichment of fluoride in deep groundwater is mainly controlled by desorption, competitive adsorption and cation exchange. In addition, seawater intrusion has little effect on F- enrichment in groundwater. Therefore, this study recommends that high fluoride groundwater in the shallow and deep aquifers should be treated separately using electrochemical methods and coagulation-precipitation or adsorption methods, respectively, to reduce fluoride levels.
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图 5 （a）地下水F-含量和萤石饱和指数的关系；（b）地下水中F-活度和Ca2+活度的关系；（c）地下水方解石和萤石饱和指数的关系；（d）地下水白云石和萤石饱和指数的关系
Figure 5.
表 1 研究区水化学组分特征值
Table 1. Characteristic values of groundwater chemical components in the study area
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