Groundwater circulation patterns and its resources assessment of inland river catchments in northwestern China
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摘要:
在系统梳理前人调查研究成果基础上，总结了西北内陆河流域主要的含水层特点，对山区、平原区和沙漠区的地下水循环特点进行了分析，着重对平原区地下水水流系统进行了讨论。由于西北内陆河流域地下水与地表水关系密切，形成了具有密切水力联系的含水层-河流系统，不论是上游开发地表水还是地下水，都会引起整个流域内地下水资源的强烈变化。地下水资源评价表明，西北内陆河流域地下水资源量为783亿m3/a，其中平原区的地下水资源量为487亿m3/a，山区与平原区的地下水资源重复量为199亿m3/a，现状开采量为128亿m3/a。地下水开发潜力分析表明，除柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘等地区外，其他地区的地下水开采潜力有限，应通过提高水资源的利用效率来提高其承载能力。今后应加大（微）咸水资源化、地下水水库的调查研究，加强地下水的生态功能和生态需水量评价，为地下水资源的合理开发利用提供技术支撑。
Abstract:Based on the systematic synthesis of previous studies, main aquifers in inland catchments in northwestern China were summarized, groundwater circulation in mountains, plains and deserts were described, and groundwater flow systems in plains were specifically analyzed. Due to the tight connection between groundwater and surface water, aquifers and rivers are hydraulically connected to form a system. Therefore, either groundwater or surface water exploitation in the upper stream can result in significant changes in water resources in the entire catchment. Groundwater resources assessment shows that the total groundwater resources are 78.3 billion m3/a, of which it is 48.7 billion m3/a in plains, 19.9 billion m3/a in mountainous areas and plains, and the current mining rate is 12.8 billion m3/a. Groundwater resource potential analysis indicates that groundwater potential is limited except the Cadam basin and the southern marginal areas of the Tarim basin. Hence, groundwater carrying capacity can only be increased by enhancing groundwater utilization efficiency. In the further, saline or brackish water utilization, research on underground water reservoirs, studies on groundwater ecological function and ecological water requirements should be enhanced to provide technical support for the rational development of water resources.
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表 1 西北内陆河流域第一次和第二次地下水资源评价结果
Table 1. Results of first and second groundwater resources assessments for the inland river catchments in northwestern China
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表 2 西北内陆河流域第二次地下水资源评价中平原区地下水分项补给量
Table 2. Components of groundwater recharge in plains from the second groundwater resources assessment of inland river catchments in northwestern China
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表 3 西北内陆河流域地下水资源开采潜力分析
Table 3. Groundwater potential of inland river catchments in northwestern China
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表 4 西北内陆河流域地下水漏斗一览
Table 4. Groundwater depression zones of inland river catchments in northwestern China
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