Groundwater-surface water interactions in the Baiyangdian wetland, Xiong'an New Area and its impact on reed land
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摘要:
查明地表水和地下水作用关系对湿地生态保护与修复具有重要意义。采用地表水和地下水位监测、氢氧稳定同位素分析、湖床沉积物温度示踪等方法，研究了白洋淀渗漏对周边浅层地下水的影响范围和深度，评价了地表水垂向渗漏速率，并探讨了芦苇分布面积和地表水位以及地下水位埋深的关系。结果表明：白洋淀渗漏受地质结构和水力梯度等因素影响，对浅层地下水垂向上影响深度为20 m，水平向上影响范围存在较大空间变异。周边浅层地下水的补给来源为大气降雨和地表水，其中地表水渗漏的补给比例为0~90.5%。淀区渗漏速率0.01~0.59 mm/d，和含水层埋深关系密切，埋深越小，越有利于地表水渗漏。1976-2020年，白洋淀芦苇分布面积和地表水位关系密切。当地表水位为6.3~6.8 m时，芦苇分布面积最大，在水位小于6.3 m条件下芦苇面积随着水位增高而增加，大于6.8 m条件下随着水位增高而减少。芦苇台地下水位埋深和地表水位显著相关，在2020年4-9月芦苇生长期，除雨季前期外多数时段台地地下水埋深均适宜芦苇发育，建议在雨季前期实施生态补水，通过降低台地地下水位埋深促进芦苇生长发育。研究结果可为白洋淀生态补水、渗漏防治和生态保护提供参考。
Abstract:It is of great significance to find out the interaction between surface water and groundwater for wetland ecological protection and restoration. A multiply tracers approach including water level monitoring, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes analysis and temperature tracing was used to identify the location, magnitude and depth of surface water leakage to shallow groundwater. As also, a brief study of relationship between reed land and water level and groundwater depth was conducted. The results show that the scope of leakage water is controlled by geological and hydrogeological conditions. The depth is about 20m and the length from lake shore varies spatially. The recharge sources of surrounding shallow groundwater are atmospheric rainfall and surface water, of which the recharge proportion of surface water leakage is 0-90.5%. The leakage rate is from 0.01 to 0.59 mm/d inside the wetland and has a strong relationship with the depth of the shallow aquifer. The less the burial depth, the more conducive to surface water leakage. There was a significant relationship between reed land and the average surface water level from 1976 to 2020. When the surface water level was between 6.3 to 6.8 m, the reed land was the largest. When the water level was less than 6.3 m, the reed land had a positive correlation with it, while the reed land area decreased as the water level was higher than 6.8 m. Groundwater depth had an obvious relationship with surface water level where reeds grew. During the growing season, it showed that groundwater depth was suitable for reeds growth most of the time. In order to prompt reed growth, it is suggested that artificial recharge should be conducted before monsoon season to lower groundwater depth. The conclusions can provide basic supports for water recharge, leakage resisting and eco-environment protecting in the Baiyangdian wetland.
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