The influence of major water conservancy projects on the geological environment of channel and shoreline in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
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摘要:
本文主要采取历史水下地形和水位数据分析、干流河槽现场测量、室内测试和综合评价等方法对重大水利工程影响长江中下游干流河槽和岸线进行了分析和研究,取得如下新进展:(1)创新构建了一套多模态传感器系统,实现陆上和水下一体化水动力、沉积和地貌特征测量与数据采集。(2)调查研究发现,长江干流河槽冲刷强烈,岸线窝崩、条崩发育。(3)悬沙和床沙粗化,河床阻力下降,发育侵蚀型链珠状沙波,长江大桥主桥墩冲刷严重。(4)潮区界显著上移,潮区界变动河段地貌发生重要变化。在此基础上,研究认为应该加强长江中下游干流河槽、沿岸高陡岸坡、支流入汇干流河口、崩岸以及跨江大桥桥墩冲刷等调查、监测和成因机理分析。上述研究成果对长江岸滩防护和修复、航道整治、沿岸防洪、长江大桥桥墩维护等具有重要意义。
Abstract:Based on the analysis of historical underwater topography and water level data, field measurement, laboratory test and comprehensive evaluation, the influence of major water conservancy projects on the channels and shorelines of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is studied. Some new progresses have been made. Firstly, a multi-mode sensor system was innovatively constructed to integrate the measurements of land and underwater hydrodynamic, sedimentary and geomorphic characteristics and data acquisition. Secondly, it was found that the main channel of the Yangtze River experienced strong erosion, arc collapse, and strip collapse. Thirdly, the hanging sand and bed sand were coarsened. The resistance of the river bed dropped, which caused the forming of the erosion type chain bead sand wave. The main piers of the Yangtze River Bridge were subjected to serious erosion. Finally, the tidal limit obviously moved up, and the geomorphology of the river changed significantly. On this basis, it is suggested that the investigation, monitoring and mechanism analysis should be strengthened on main river channel, high and steep slope along the bank, the estuary where the tributaries join the main stream, bank collapsing, cross-river bridge pier scour and so on. These results are of great significance to the protection and restoration of the bank and beach of the Yangtze River, the waterway regulation, the coastal flood control, and the maintenance of the piers of the Yangtze River Bridge.
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