Pollution level and risk assessment of heavy metals in a metal smelting area of Xiong'an New District
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摘要:
为支撑雄安新区土地资源科学管理，完善中国土壤污染评价体系，文章以雄安新区某废旧金属冶炼区为研究区开展地质调查，采集541件表层土壤样品，测定了土壤中的Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni八种重金属元素的含量和pH，采用主成分分析法研究重金属元素的组合及分布特征，通过单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法和人体健康风险评价法对土壤重金属的污染程度及风险进行评价。结果显示：研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb元素超标主要受冶炼活动影响，As、Hg元素高值异常主要由受唐河污染的地下水灌溉引起；单因子污染指数超标比例大小顺序为Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr=Ni；内梅罗综合指数评价结果显示54%的样品达到了污染水平；地质累积指数超标比例大小为Cd>Cu>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr，Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb、As极重污染比例分别为13.5%、10.2%、9.1%、10.9%、17.2%；Cd和Hg是主要的生态危害元素，Cd中等-强生态危害比例为65.2%，Hg中等-强生态危害比例为71.3%；非致癌风险因子主要为As、Cr、Pb，95.2%样品对儿童的非致癌风险超过了1，29件样品中As对儿童的致癌风险超过10-4，研究区土壤重金属对儿童具有较高的健康风险。
Abstract:In order to support the scientific management of land resource in Xiong'an New District and improve the assessment system of soil pollution in China, a metal smelting area in the District was selected to conduct geological survey. Total 541 surface soil samples collected from the smelting area were analysed for the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and pH values. The principal component analysis method was used to study the combination and distribution characteristics of the heavy metals. The methods of the single pollution index, Nemerow synthesis pollution index, geological accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index and health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate the degree and risk of heavy metals pollution in soil. The results show that the excessive concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in soil of the area are mainly influenced by smelting activity, the high value anomalies of As and Pb are principally caused by irrigation of the polluted groundwater from Tanghe River. The order of over-standard rate of the single pollution indices of the elements is Cd>As> Cu>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr=Ni. The assessment results by the Nemerow synthetic pollution index method show that fifty-four percent of the samples reaches the pollution standard. The order of over-standard rate of the geological accumulation indices is Cd>Cu>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr, of which the extremely heavy pollution ratios for the elements of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and As are 13.5%, 10.2%, 9.1%, 10.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Cd and Hg are the major ecological risk elements. The ratio of moderate-considerable potential ecological risk of Cd is 65.2%, and that of Hg is 71.3%. As, Cr and Pb are of major non-carcinogenic factors. There are 95.2% of the samples (As, Cr, Pb) with non-carcinogenic risk index over 1, and 29 samples with carcinogenic index of As over 10-4 to children, indicating that heavy metals in the soil of study area have a relatively high health risk to children.
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Key words:
- Xiong'an New District /
- geological survey engineering /
- heavy metals /
- pollution level /
- risk assessment
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表 1 单因子及内梅罗综合污染指数的分级原则
Table 1. Principle of grading for single pollution index and Nemerow synthesis pollution index
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表 2 地质累积指数污染程度划分标准
Table 2. Classification standard for geological accumulation index indicating degree of pollution
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表 3 潜在生态风险评价和风险程度分级标准
Table 3. Classification standard for potential ecological risk index and degree of pollution of heavy metals
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表 5 土壤重金属不同暴露途径的RfD和SF
Table 5. RfD and SF values for different types of exposure of heavy metals in soil
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表 8 土壤重金属污染单因子指数及地质累积指数分级
Table 8. Grading of single pollution index and geological accumulation index of heavy metal pollution of soil
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