Geochemical characteristics of sandstone (mudstone) of Saihan Formation in Erennur Sag, Inner Mongolia and their constraints on uranium mineralization
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摘要:
研究目的 查明二连盆地额仁淖尔凹陷赛汉组含铀砂（泥）岩的岩石矿物及地球化学特征，探讨铀成矿作用。
研究方法 包括野外地质编录、偏光显微镜、电子探针能谱分析、主微元素、环境地球化学及铀的价态分析等。
研究结果 （1）铀矿物以吸附态和独立铀矿物的形式存在，常与炭屑和黄铁矿共（伴）生并发现闪锌矿。（2）矿石具有高C有、S、CO2的特征，泥岩U6+/U4+平均为1.01，砂岩U6+/U4+平均为0.57。（3）砂（泥）岩的CIA值为50.83~66.34，稀土元素特征与蚀源区花岗岩一致，主微量元素特征均显示存在明显的后期沉积−成岩阶段的水岩作用。
结论 （1）海西期花岗岩是赛汉组砂（泥）岩的主要物源，沉积环境为半干旱—半湿润古气候。（2）吸附作用和氧化还原作用是研究区铀富集的主要机理，泥岩型铀矿以吸附作用为主，砂岩型铀矿以氧化还原作用为主。（3）深部流体可能参与了成矿作用。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective This study aims to ascertain the petrological, mineralogical, and geochemistrial signatures of the sandstone (mudstone) of the uranium bearing target layer in Erennur Sag, Erlian Basin, and to discuss uranium mineralization.
Methods Research methods include field geological cataloging, polarized light microscopy, electron probe spectroscopy analysis, major trace elements, environmental geochemistry, and uranium valence analysis.
Results (1) Uranium minerals exist in the form of adsorbed and independent uranium minerals, often co-existing (associated) with carbon chips and pyrite, with occasionally with presence of sphalerite. (2) The ore exhibits the characteristics of high organic carbon, S and CO2. The average U6+/U4+ of mudstone is 1.01, and the average U6+/U4+ of sandstone is 0.57. (3) The CIA value of sandstone (mudstone) is 50.83 to 66.34. The characteristics of rare earth elements are consistent with those of granite in the erosion source area, the characteristics of main and trace elements all show that there is obvious water−rock interaction in the late sedimentation−diagenesis stage.
Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The Hercynian granite is the dominant source of the sandstone (mudstone) of the Saihan Formation. The sedimentary environment is a semi−arid−semi−humid paleo−climate. (2) Adsorption and oxidation−reduction are the main mechanisms of uranium enrichment in the study area. Mudstone−type uranium enrichment is mainly in the form of adsorption, while sandstone−type uranium enrichment is mainly in the form of oxidation−reduction. (3)The deep fluid may have participated in the mineralization.
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图 4 研究区赛汉组砂（泥）岩稀土配分模式图（北美页岩标准化数据来自于Haskin and Haskin, 1966）
Figure 4.
图 6 研究区赛汉组砂（泥）岩A−CN−K图解（底图据Fedo et al., 1995）
Figure 6.
图 7 额仁淖尔凹陷赛汉组砂（泥）岩及蚀源区花岗岩稀土元素配分图（球粒陨石标准化数据据Sun and McDonough, 1989；蚀源区花岗岩来自于未发表数据）
Figure 7.
图 8 额仁淖尔凹陷赛汉组砂（泥）岩主量元素构造环境判别图解（底图据Roser and Korsch，1986）
Figure 8.
表 1 额仁淖尔凹陷砂（泥）岩主量元素测试结果（%）
Table 1. Results of major elements of sandstone (mudstone) in Erennur Sag (%)
样品编号 铀矿化砂岩 铀矿化泥岩 氧化砂岩 原生砂岩 原生泥岩 N463-319-U21 N22-139-U9 N85-3-U5 N6-13-U8 N463-319-U22 N6-13-U12 N85X-U5 N399-159-U9 N85X-U3 351-U4 N80-U3 N6-13-H2 N85-4-H4 N6-13-H1 N85-1-H2 N85-1-H1 N85-1-H3 N85-5-H1 N6-13-U16 N6-13-U10 N6-13-U11 N80-U2 SiO2 67.87 63.11 66.94 60.76 68.16 60.75 65.59 62.05 64.57 62.41 58.39 69.44 71.96 69.3 71.43 79.06 73.95 71.69 55.12 61.85 57.39 60.91 Al2O3 15.15 16.74 17.24 18.23 13.63 17 13.2 14.38 13.76 16.17 14.96 14.85 13.51 15.69 14.53 10.58 13.71 14.25 14.58 14.2 18.69 14.98 MgO 0.2 1.26 0.63 1.73 0.43 1.57 0.62 0.97 0.65 1.6 2.01 0.44 0.39 0.48 0.47 0.31 0.24 0.38 1.48 0.99 1.95 2.07 CaO 4.45 0.82 0.85 0.86 2.4 1.6 0.45 0.76 0.48 0.86 1.27 1.22 0.77 0.87 0.81 0.54 0.87 0.63 5.53 3.3 1 1.22 Na2O 2.38 3.44 2.8 2.39 3.36 2.46 2.03 2.79 2.09 2.97 1.75 2.72 2.57 2.88 2.53 1.55 3.17 2.06 2 2.56 2.32 1.96 K2O 3.28 3.62 3.14 3.7 3.55 3.52 3.78 3.68 3.91 3.53 3.76 4.3 4.24 4.41 3.8 3.77 3.88 3.84 3 3.8 3.5 3.59 P2O5 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.16 0.05 0.14 0.06 0.17 0.39 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.43 0.15 0.13 0.29 MnO 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.74 0.22 0.36 0.05 TiO2 0.23 0.74 0.5 0.73 0.31 0.65 0.43 0.44 0.49 0.61 0.65 0.45 0.4 0.41 0.32 0.2 0.19 0.34 0.54 0.41 0.69 0.65 FeO 0.93 2.28 1.55 1.04 2.03 1.22 2.02 1.26 1.34 2.74 3.8 2.48 2.03 4.03 1.01 Fe2O3 1.44 2.18 2.36 5.82 0.98 5.38 0.89 1.67 0.98 1.94 2.53 2.45 3.1 2.55 2.82 1.62 1.75 2.16 5.07 4.39 6.83 2.73 TFe2O3 2.47 4.71 2.14 3.15 3.03 3.22 3.34 4.02 4.01 3.85 SO3 0.59 0.25 1.3 0.71 1.74 1.04 0.67 1.57 2.04 LOI 3.63 4.44 0.53 5.56 3.99 7.09 9.38 9.41 9.27 7.03 10.55 3.05 0.06 3.06 0.31 0.06 0.32 0.13 11.09 7.3 7.17 7.75 H3O+ 3 5.42 4.64 2.4 1.82 2.58 2.42 1.74 1.32 3.18 5.3 3.72 6.08 H2O 6.61 0.385 0.72 0.46 0.37 0.64 
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表 2 额仁淖尔凹陷砂（泥）岩稀土元素测试结果（10−6）
Table 2. Results of REE in sandstone (mudstone) in Erennur Sag (10−6)
样品编号 氧化砂岩 铀矿化泥岩 铀矿化砂岩 原生砂岩 原生泥岩 N6-13-H1 N6-13-H2 N85-4-H4 N6-13-U12 N85X-U3 N85X-U5 N399-159-U9 N80-U3 N22-139-U9 N351-U4 N463-319-U21 N463-319-U22 N85-3-U5 N6-13-U8 N399-159-U6 N80-U2 N6-13-U16 N6-13-U11 N85-1-H1 N85-1-H2 N85-3-U1 N85-3-U4 N22-55X-H1 La 41.5 51.5 35.4 58.9 38.4 29.2 31.8 44.6 56.4 45.7 24.9 28.9 47.3 70.8 45.1 46.4 56.9 75.6 19.5 42.5 27.1 19.8 61.7 Ce 77.1 97.5 76.2 109 72 54.6 50.1 91.6 105 86.6 45.8 70 91.1 129 85.4 93.1 106 139 42.3 84.2 49.8 36.3 116 Pr 9.48 11.6 6.94 12.9 7.73 5.63 5.74 9.87 11.7 9.61 4.76 8.38 12 17 9.3 10 13 15.6 2.91 8.19 6.77 4.8 14.9 Nd 31.5 37.8 24.5 42.5 24.8 17.5 19.1 34.2 37.7 32.4 16 27.4 38.1 55.4 30.2 34.9 42.6 50.8 14.4 27.9 21.2 15.5 50.3 Sm 5.65 6.66 3.89 7.07 3.79 2.85 3.96 6.7 6.53 6.5 3.29 4.41 6.05 10.5 5.57 6.75 7.78 9.09 2.27 4.74 3.29 2.51 8.45 Eu 1.33 1.24 1 1.49 0.68 0.62 0.67 1.16 1.22 1.04 0.74 0.73 1.4 2.33 0.95 1.15 1.66 1.86 0.66 1.07 0.9 0.8 1.71 Gd 5.71 6.3 3.87 6.62 3.26 2.37 3.77 5.84 6.05 5.78 2.94 3.94 6.03 11.2 4.84 5.85 7.93 8.64 2.06 4.5 3.19 2.6 8.12 Tb 0.93 0.93 0.54 0.99 0.31 0.26 0.46 0.74 0.82 0.73 0.38 0.47 0.96 1.81 0.61 0.72 1.15 1.24 0.34 0.63 0.46 0.43 1.21 Dy 4.66 4.47 2.37 4.8 1.63 1.41 2.98 4.68 5.39 4.58 2.49 2.6 5.06 9.38 3.75 4.52 5.68 5.45 1.54 2.69 2.32 2.41 5.9 Ho 0.94 0.9 0.49 0.99 0.26 0.23 0.5 0.87 1.02 0.79 0.43 0.46 0.96 1.94 0.67 0.78 1.2 1.1 0.32 0.52 0.42 0.49 1.17 Er 2.9 2.71 1.45 2.93 0.78 0.69 1.51 2.63 2.86 2.4 1.25 1.38 2.85 5.87 1.97 2.45 3.33 3.37 0.97 1.48 1.27 1.46 3.7 Tm 0.42 0.37 0.25 0.42 0.1 0.1 0.23 0.37 0.41 0.34 0.18 0.2 0.44 0.75 0.3 0.35 0.46 0.44 0.15 0.23 0.2 0.23 0.52 Yb 2.48 2.27 1.6 2.38 0.83 0.68 1.46 2.62 2.77 2.49 1.31 1.4 3.01 4.28 2.29 2.46 2.8 2.67 1 1.41 1.45 1.53 3.22 Lu 0.39 0.4 0.24 0.42 0.11 0.096 0.22 0.35 0.39 0.35 0.17 0.19 0.44 0.72 0.34 0.32 0.46 0.44 0.16 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.55 Y 24.1 23.6 12.5 23.4 8.41 7.17 19.3 30.5 36.1 28.8 15.6 17.3 27.9 47.2 23.9 26.3 27 26.7 8.74 14.2 16.7 21.1 30 ΣREE 184.99 224.65 158.74 251.41 154.68 116.24 122.50 206.23 238.26 199.31 104.64 150.46 215.70 320.98 191.29 209.75 250.95 315.30 88.58 180.28 118.59 89.09 277.45 LREE 166.56 206.30 147.93 231.86 147.40 110.40 111.37 188.13 218.55 181.85 95.49 139.82 195.95 285.03 176.52 192.30 227.94 291.95 82.04 168.60 109.06 79.71 253.06 HREE 18.43 18.35 10.81 19.55 7.28 5.84 11.13 18.10 19.71 17.46 9.15 10.64 19.75 35.95 14.77 17.45 23.01 23.35 6.54 11.68 9.53 9.38 24.39 LREE/HREE 9.04 11.24 13.68 11.86 20.25 18.92 10.01 10.39 11.09 10.42 10.44 13.14 9.92 7.93 11.95 11.02 9.91 12.50 12.54 14.43 11.44 8.50 10.38 La/Yb) N 1.58 2.14 2.09 2.33 4.36 4.05 2.05 1.61 1.92 1.73 1.79 1.95 1.48 1.56 1.86 1.78 1.92 2.67 1.84 2.84 1.76 1.22 1.81 δEu 1.10 0.90 1.21 1.02 0.91 1.12 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.80 1.12 0.82 1.09 1.01 0.86 0.86 0.99 0.99 1.43 1.09 1.30 1.47 0.97 δCe 0.92 0.95 1.15 0.94 0.99 1.01 0.88 1.04 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.07 0.91 0.88 0.99 1.03 0.92 0.96 1.33 1.07 0.87 0.88 0.91
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表 3 额仁淖尔凹陷砂（泥）岩伴生元素地球化学测试结果（10−6）
Table 3. Geochemical test results of associated elements of sandstone (mudstone) in Erennur Sag (10−6)
样品编号 原生砂（泥）岩 铀矿化砂岩 铀矿化泥岩 N6-13-U13 N6-13-U15 N85-3-U4 N85-4-U2 N6-13-U9 N22-55X-U2 N6-13-U10 N6-13-U6 N85-3-U3 N80-U2 N399-159-U6 N351-U3 N463-319-U21 N22-139-U9 N85-3-U5 N6-13-U8 N463-319-U22 N85-4-U7 N85X-U3 N85X-U5 N399-159-U9 N80-U3 N6-13-U11 N351-U4 U 7.79 12.2 13.2 15.6 21.3 25.5 27.2 38.8 42.3 42.6 46.9 49.9 120 142 344 558 942 1100 102 230 136 114 364 108 V 3.41 10.5 5.59 47.9 6.76 11.5 12.4 9.63 11.8 90.6 53.4 70.4 17.8 75.8 7.03 14.7 23 58.5 59.3 54.5 56.2 158 10.5 55.9 Ga 9.82 16.6 15.2 22.2 15.5 20.9 23.3 17.8 32.8 20.8 27.5 25.4 16.5 24.5 27.8 24.5 19.3 25.2 20.6 19 22.8 21.5 18.5 24.1 Sc 25.3 57.2 15 12.1 41.7 61.5 80.6 54.8 104 11.3 7.81 10.2 2.46 10.7 72 88 3.69 14.9 7.37 6.17 6.78 13.2 65.6 9.58 Mo 1.89 3.6 1.18 1.77 3.65 1.1 0.86 0.51 1.64 3.45 13.5 2.53 3.83 1.52 2.05 1.35 6.64 230 1079 1040 33.5 4.04 1.39 2.71 Re 0.005 0.095 0.11 0.17 0.089 0.12 0.19 0.018 0.089 0.089 0.089 0.13 0.2 Ge 0.17 0.35 2.8 0.96 0.28 1.23 0.74 1.04 4.45 1.18 1.29 4.5 2.48 2.01 6.32 1.47 5.14 8.1 16.1 22.5 0.62 1.19 0.41 6.89 Se 1 1.35 0.13 0.16 1.36 0.19 1.36 1.07 11.1 0.49 0.17 21.6 3.85 0.13 2.43 0.31 1.7 0.18 0.58 0.51 0.83 3.1 1.5 31.9
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表 4 额仁淖尔凹陷砂（泥）岩环境地球化学测试结果
Table 4. Environmental geochemical test results of sandstone (mudstone) in Erennur Sag
样品编号 泥岩型铀矿石 砂岩型铀矿石 氧化砂岩 原生砂岩 原生泥岩 N351-U8 N463-319-U5 N85X-U5 N351-U18 N85X-U4 N85X-U1 N463-319-U22 N463-319-U11 N463-319-U19 N85X-U7 N463-319-U29 N351-U16 N463-319-H15 N22-139-U6 N463-319-U14 N463-319-U26 N85X-H9 N85X-H12 N80-U1 N85-1-U1 N85-1-U9 N80-H1 N85X-U8 U 179 204 230 1220 2577 571 942 155 156 239 287 4.72 6.73 10.1 11.3 11.8 2.78 4.52 6.1 4.18 12.1 12.3 9.29 Th 30.7 32.4 16.2 29.6 18.6 23 16.6 17.2 20.6 4.83 39.6 27.5 24.7 13.1 8.21 31.2 9 27 25.6 13.2 Ra 4.33 4.81 22.4 13.8 58.2 15.5 18 3.62 3.15 5.27 9.66 0.74 0.803 0.649 0.438 1.46 0.14 0.54 0.689 0.616 K 2.71 2.81 3.14 2.51 2.9 3.19 2.98 2.75 3.08 2.94 2.87 2.85 3.24 2.95 2.72 2.74 3.26 2.75 3.23 3.41 C有 1.04 0.04 3.33 0.9 1.6 1.49 0.39 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.26 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.44 0.06 0.077 1.11 0.19 0.49 CO2 0.45 0.54 0.11 0.61 0.05 0.07 1.41 2.65 0.37 8.51 0.33 0.29 0.29 0.26 0.4 0.21 0.13 0.17 0.38 ＜0.50 ＜0.50 1.73 0.07 S全 0.4 0.94 0.45 0.092 1.08 0.56 0.35 0.43 0.52 1.64 0.48 0.016 0.067 0.071 0.53 0.39 0.014 0.02 0.11 0.13 0.065 0.4 0.17 Fe2+ 1.11 0.79 0.93 1.22 1.34 0.74 0.47 0.39 0.52 0.23 0.54 0.39 0.61 0.77 0.43 0.32 0.15 0.25 0.29 0.5 0.5 0.69 0.2 Fe3+ 1.99 2.53 0.78 2.36 0.9 1.3 0.85 1.88 1.44 2.11 1.8 2.29 1.19 1.68 1.62 1.51 1.97 1.18 3.62 1.09 2 2.12 0.78 Fe3+/Fe2+ 1.8 3.2 0.8 1.9 0.7 1.8 1.8 4.8 2.8 9.2 3.3 5.9 2 2.2 3.8 4.7 13.1 4.7 12.5 2.2 4 3.1 3.9 S2- 72.84 49.1 10.64 13.91 52.7 1.96 18 33.55 15.71 43.38 46.98 4.58 9.49 18.99 17.02 15.22 1.31 4.18 11.78 37.5 21.5 30.33 8.51 Eh值 682 700 645 695 643 656 700 715 708 701 699 727 715 708 701 708 731 705 712 712 668 694 691 ∆Eh值 64 46 103 51 103 90 46 31 38 45 47 19 31 38 45 38 15 39 34 32 75 52 55 pH 8.8 9.65 6.85 9.1 5.9 7.7 9.4 9.86 9.76 8.5 9.68 9.16 9.61 9.4 9.77 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.45 9.22 9.03 9.4 8.8
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表 5 额仁淖尔凹陷砂（泥）岩价态U测试结果（10−6）
Table 5. Valence U test results of sandstone (mudstone) in Erennur Sag(10−6)
岩性 样品编号 U U6+ U4+ U6+/U4+ 泥岩 ZKN85-1-U9 12.1 6.26 5.83 1.07 ZKN85-1-U7 23 10.6 12.4 0.85 ZKN85-1-U3 51 23.1 28 0.83 YZK399-159-U8 110 52.9 56.8 0.93 ZK淖80-U7 122 72.2 49.8 1.45 ZK淖85X-U6 187 100 87 1.15 ZK淖80-U4 350 65.2 285 0.23 砂岩 ZK淖85X-U1 571 329 242 1.36 YZK399-159-U7 624 417 207 2.01 ZK淖85X-U4 2577 512 2065 0.25 ZK351-U11 55.5 19.8 35.7 0.55 YZK463-319-U27 66.8 16.3 50.5 0.32 YZK463-319-U22 942 328 614 0.53 YZK463-319-U21 120 65.2 54.8 1.19 ZK淖22-139-U2 154 40 114 0.35 ZK淖22-139-U3 118 38.7 79.3 0.49
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