Meso−Cenozoic tectono−thermal evolution and prospect analysis of oil and gas exploration of the eastern Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 库车坳陷油气资源丰富，但与油气生成与保存相关的构造−热演化研究很薄弱。
研究方法 本研究通过对库车坳陷东部典型钻孔样品开展磷灰石裂变径迹测试分析与热史模拟，精确重建了库车坳陷东部自中生代以来的构造−热演化史，并评价了烃源岩成熟演化期次。
研究结果 本文基于原位LA–ICP–MS法测试的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄介于77.7~104.5 Ma，远小于地层年龄，有效地记录了晚白垩世的快速隆升事件。通过热史模拟揭示出库车坳陷东部地区自侏罗纪以来经历了早白垩世—晚始新世（120~40 Ma）和晚中新世至今（10~0 Ma）两期快速隆升事件，分别是由拉萨地块、印度板块与欧亚板块南缘碰撞的远程效应造成的。
研究结论 库车坳陷东部地区的差异性构造隆升是由南天山由北向南逐渐推进的俯冲挤压造成的。库车坳陷东部地区侏罗系烃源岩在多期沉降作用影响下表现为多阶段成熟演化模式，但受构造隆升事件的影响，曾在早白垩世—晚始新世和晚中新世至今处于停滞阶段。本研究厘定了库车坳陷东部自中生代以来的构造−热演化史，明确了主要烃源岩成熟演化过程，对区域构造演化和下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas geological exploration engineering.
Objective Kuqa Depression is rich in oil and gas resources, but the study of tectonic–thermal evolution related to oil and gas generation and preservation is very weak.
Methods In this study, the apatite fission track test analysis and thermal history simulation were carried out on typical drilling samples in the eastern part of Kuqa Depression. The tectonic–thermal evolution history of the eastern part of Kuqa Depression since Mesozoic was accurately reconstructed, and the maturity evolution period of source rocks was evaluated.
Results The apatite fission track ages measured by in–situ LA–ICP–MS are between 77.7 Ma and 104.5 Ma, which are much smaller than the stratigraphic age, and the rapid uplift events of Late Cretaceous are effectively recorded. The thermal history simulation reveals that Kuqa Depression has experienced two periods of rapid uplift since Jurassic (Early Cretaceous–Late Eocene (120–40 Ma) and Late Miocene–present (10–0 Ma)), which are caused by the remote effect of the collision between Lhasa plate, Indian plate and the southern margin of Eurasia plate.
Conclusions The differential tectonic uplift in Kuqa Depression is caused by the subduction and compression of the southern Tianshan Mountains gradually advancing from north to south. The Jurassic source rocks in Kuqa Depression show a multi–stage mature evolution model under the influence of multi–stage subsidence. Affected by tectonic uplift events, the Jurassic source rocks mature evolution was at a stagnation stage from early Cretaceous to late Eocene and late Miocene. This study determines the tectonic–thermal evolution history of eastern Kuqa Depression since Mesozoic, and clarifies the mature evolution process of main source rocks, which have important guiding significance for regional tectonic evolution and next oil and gas exploration.
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表 1 库车坳陷东部地区样品基本地质信息
Table 1. Geological information of the samples in the eastern Kubian Depression
样品号 井号 深度/m 岩性 层位 TX1-03 吐西1井 1075.5 浅灰色中砂岩 下侏罗统(J1) TX1-04 吐西1井 1309.0 浅灰色中砂岩 下侏罗统(J1) YN2-02 依南2井 3407.9 红色泥质细砂岩 侏罗系(J) YN2-07 依南2井 4071.0 灰白色细砂岩 侏罗系(J) MN1-04 明南1井 964.0 灰白色中细砂岩 下侏罗统(J1) MN1-05 明南1井 1151.7 灰白色中砂岩 侏罗系(J) YX2-04 阳霞2井 5285.3 灰白色中细砂岩 侏罗系(J) 
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表 2 库车坳陷东部地区磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果
Table 2. Fission track results of apatites in the eastern Kuqa Depression
样品号 颗粒数(n)/个 ΣpiΩi 2σΣpiΩi ζICP 2σζICP P(χ2)/% 中值年龄/Ma 封闭径迹长度/μm Dpar/μm TX1-03 25 7.58×10−6 2.31×10−7 0.55 0.07 7.1 104.5±14.7 12.47±1.63(30) 2.65±0.32 TX1-04 30 4.91×10−6 1.28×10−7 0.55 0.07 32.2 100.6±14.6 12.63±1.55(25) 2.62±0.31 YN2-02 31 3.08×10−6 1.16×10−7 0.55 0.07 17.3 93.3±14.8 10.95±3.36(4) 2.59±0.20 YN2-07 43 5.89×10−6 1.39×10−7 0.55 0.07 20.1 91.1±13.1 13.14±1.52(22) 2.53±0.32 MN1-04 41 5.14×10−6 1.46×10−7 0.55 0.07 8.6 81.0±24.2 9.42±1.53(54) 2.51±0.20 MN1-05 27 5.35×10−6 1.80×10−7 0.55 0.07 12.3 79.1±27.6 11.66±1.36(39) 2.48±0.32 YX2-04 37 1.44×10−5 2.71×10−7 0.73 0.07 25.3 77.7±8.7 — — 注：ΣpiΩi、2σΣpiΩi分别表示某分组测试区域及区域误差值；ζICP、2σζICP分别表示基于LA–ICP–MS年龄标准的Zeta校准因子及其调整误差；P(χ2)表示卡方检验的结果，当该数值小于5%时，表示测试样品在沉积后没有经历过高温重置，记录的是仍是物源区信息，当该数值大于5%时，表示测试样品在接受沉积后经历过高温重置，此时样品的中值年龄记录的是沉积地区热历史信息；Dpar表示自发径迹蚀刻象的长轴长度。
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