Recongnition of A-type granite and its implication for magmatism and mineralization in Tangge skarn-type Cu-polymetallic deposit, Tibet
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摘要:
研究目的 唐格矽卡岩型铜多金属矿区位于南冈底斯陆缘火山-岩浆弧西段，矿区内铜多金属成矿与石英斑岩体成岩作用关系密切，但对矿区内发育的石英斑岩体研究较少，对于进一步理解矿床成因与指导找矿勘查有一定制约。
研究方法 本文首次报道了矿区内石英斑岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素结果。
研究结果 石英斑岩表现出富硅(SiO2=73.97%~76.85%)、富铝(Al2O3=13.03%~14.06%)、高钾(K2O=2.2%~4.68%)，高FeOT(0.97%~1.80%)、FeOT/MgO(3.57~8.22)、A/CNK(1.14~4.24)特征; 稀土元素总量高(∑REE=478.59×10-6~532.71×10-6)、稀土配分曲线呈明显的右倾型或“海鸥型”; 富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb大离子亲石元素(LILE)，亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti、P及大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等元素; Rb含量低(69.64×10-6~249×10-6，小于270×10-6)，10000Ga/Al=2.54~2.71，显示出后碰撞铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(78.0±0.9)Ma，表明其形成时代为晚白垩世。石英斑岩中锆石的εHf(t)均为正值(1.5~5.3，均值3.6)，显示了较均一的Hf同位素组成; Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄T2DM=1052~806 Ma，均值912 Ma(＜1.0 Ga)，指示岩浆主要来源于新生长英质下地壳的部分熔融。
结论 结合区域地质资料，认为唐格铝质A型花岗岩是形成于印度大陆向北俯冲于欧亚大陆引起的碰撞后伸展构造环境。唐格石英斑岩中Cu、Pb、Zn、Au背景含量较高，说明铝质A型花岗岩为唐格矽卡岩型铜多金属矿提供了一定的成矿物质。冈底斯带自东向西在69~89 Ma至少存在一次与晚白垩世岩浆作用有关的铜多金属成矿作用，其唐格矽卡岩型铜多金属矿是冈底斯带中段南部在燕山晚期造山后岩浆活动的成矿响应。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The mineralization of Tangge skarn-type Cu-polymetallic ore district, located in the western part of the Gangdese volcano-magmatic arc, is closely related to the diagenesis of quartz porphyry in the mining area. There is little research on the quartz porphyry developed in the mining area, which restricts the further understanding of the genesis of the deposit and the guidance of prospecting and exploration.
Methods We firstly reports zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope, and petrogeochemistry of quartz porphyry in the Tangge ore district.
Results The quartz porphyry is characterized by high silicon (SiO2=73.97%-76.85%), aluminum (Al2O3=13.03%-14.06%), potassium (K2O=2.2%-4.68%), FeOT(0.97%-1.80%) contents, and high FeOT/MgO ratios (3.57-8.22) and A/CNK= values(1.14-4.24). The quartz porphyry have high REE (∑REE=478.59×10-6-532.71×10-6) and its chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns diagram show obvious right-leaning or "gull" type. They are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K and Pb, depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, P, Ba and Sr. The low contents of Rb (69.64×10-6-249.00×10-6, less than 270×10-6) and high 10000×Ga/Al ratios (2.54-2.71), indicate that the quartz poyphyry are post-collisional and aluminous A-type granite. LA-ICP-MS zircon dating for quartz porphyry yields a weighted mean age of (78.0±0.9) Ma, suggesting that they formed in the Late Cretaceous. Their zircons have positive εHf(t) values (+1.5–+5.3, averages of +3.6), showing a relatively homogeneous Hf isotopic composition. Two-stage Hf model ages (T2DM=1052-806 Ma, averages of 912 Ma, less than 1.0 Ga), indicate that they were mainly generated by partial melting of the juvenile felsic lower crust.
Conclusions Combined with previous research, we proposed that the Tangge quartz porphyry were formed in the post-collisional extensional tectonic environment, which was resulted from the northward subduction of the Indian contient to the Eurasian continent. Tangge quartz porphyry has relatively high background content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Au, which suggest that genetical relationship between the aluminous A-type granitic magmatism and Tangge skarn-type Cu mineralization. It is inferred that Gangdese Belt at least develops a period of Cu polymetallic mineralization related to Late Cretaceous magmatism during 69-89 Ma, however, Tangge skarn-type Cu polymetallic deposits response to magmatism in the middle segment of the Southern Gangdese Belt during late Yanshanian.
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Key words:
- Copper polymetallic deposit /
- skarn /
- aluminous A-type granite /
- zircon U–Pb age /
- geochemistry /
- Hf isotope /
- mineral exploration engineering /
- Tangge /
- Tibet
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图 4 唐格石英斑岩体TAS图(a)(底图据Le Maitre, 2002)、SiO2-K2O图(b)(底图据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)、A/CNK-A/NK图(c)(底图据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
Figure 4.
图 5 唐格石英斑岩体稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)、原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b) (原始地幔值和球粒陨石值据Sun et al., 1989); 图中样品代号见表 4
Figure 5.
图 6 唐格石英斑岩体K2O-Na2O图(a, 底图据Collins et al., 1982)、10000Ga/Al-K2O-MgO图(b, 底图据Whalen et al., 1987)、La-La/Sm图(c, 底图据赵亚云，2016)、A/MF-C/MF图(d, 底图据Alther et al., 2000)
Figure 6.
图 8 唐格石英斑岩体10000Ga/Al-R1(a, 底图据洪大卫等，1995)、Y-Nb-Ce(b, 底图据Eby, 1990)、SiO2-Al2O3(c)和SiO2-FeOT/(MgO+ FeOT) 构造环境判别图(d, 底图据Maninar and Piccoli, 1989)
Figure 8.
表 1 唐格石英斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of zircon from the quartz porphyry in Tangge ore district
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表 2 唐格石英斑岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素数据
Table 2. In situ Lu-Hf isotopic data of zircons from the quartz porphyry in Tangge ore district
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表 3 唐格石英斑岩体主量元素分析结果(%)及特征参数
Table 3. Major elements composition and characteristic parameters of the quartz porphyry pluton in Tangge ore district
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表 4 唐格石英斑岩体微量和稀土元素分析结果及特征参数
Table 4. Trace and rare earth elements analysis of results and characteristic parameters of the quartz porphyry pluton in Tangge ore district
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表 5 冈底斯成矿带白垩世成岩时代及成矿特征
Table 5. The Cretaceous diagenetic age and metallogenic characteristics in Gangdese metallogenic belt
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