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摘要:
研究目的 野火是陆地生态系统的一个重要组成部分，燃烧产生的温室气体会对气候环境产生影响。对地史时期古野火的研究可以获得野火对生态系统的潜在长期影响。
研究方法 采集了鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪延安组5个主采煤层的56个样品，并对其进行了宏观煤岩观察、煤岩显微组分定量、惰质组反射率测定、微观形貌观察。
研究结果 结果显示在煤层的顶底板中存在大量的宏观化石木炭（Charcoal），且细胞间层均为同质化; 煤中惰质组含量分布范围为45.23%~56.81%，且大部分惰质组反射率低于2%。
结论 这表明在泥炭沉积时期发生过高频率的野火事件且以中低温的地表火为主。根据现代森林火灾碳排放模型和煤中的惰质组由燃烧成因理论，计算出仅在鄂尔多斯盆地延安组泥炭系统中野火释放的总碳量为443 Gt，其中CO2的量为1377 Gt，CO的量为86.7 Gt，CH4的量为8.2 Gt，CO2的释放量相当于目前大气圈中CO2总量的45.9%。延安组时期陆地生态系统中野火释放的巨量温室气体可能是导致这一时期气候变暖的原因之一。
Abstract:This paper is the result of coalfield geological survey engineering.
Objective Wildfire is an important part of the earth system. The greenhouse gases produced by combustion will have an impact on the climate and the biosphere. One way to obtain information about the potential long term influences of wildfires on ecosystems and the climate system itself is to study palaeo-wildfires.
Methods A total of 56 Jurassic coal samples from 5 main coal seams were collected from Northern Ordos Basin. The samples were analyzed by macropetrography, microscope, scanning electron microscope in order to study the evidences of wildfire and their impact on the paleoclimate.
Results The results showed that a great deal of charcoal has been found in the roof and floor of the middle Jurassic coal from Ordos Basin and the cell walls of charcoal observed under SEM were homogenized. The average proportions of inertinite in the coal samples ranged from 45.23% to 56.81%, and the reflectance of most inertinite in coal is less than 2%, which indicated that the frequency wildfires occurred during the peat deposition period and the fires type were dominated by surface and ground fires with low temperature.
Conclusions According to a carbon emission model for modern forest fires, the total carbon and gas emissions from wildfires in peat swamps of the Middle Jurassic in Northwest China were calculated. The total carbon released from peat-swamp forest wildfires was at least 443 Gt, corresponding to emissions of CO2, CO and CH4 of 1377 Gt, 86.7 Gt, and 8.26 Gt, respectively. The large amount of greenhouse gases released by wildfires may lead to changes of the atmospheric, which may have accelerated the process of climate warming in the Middle Jurassic.
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Key words:
- CO2 reduction /
- Paleowildfire /
- coal /
- coal field /
- Jurassic /
- paleoclimate /
- coal exploration engineering /
- Ordos Basin
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图 6 侏罗纪古大气CO2含量变化（据Diessel, 2010; 鲁静等, 2016）
Figure 6.
表 2 研究区煤中惰质组反射率及燃烧温度
Table 2. The inertinite reflectance and combustion temperature of coal from studied area
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