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滇东典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属来源及风险评价

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文章导航 > 中国地质 > 2023 > 50(1): 206-221

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涂春霖, 杨坤, 和成忠, 张连凯, 李博, 魏总, 姜昕, 杨明花. 2023. 滇东典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属来源及风险评价[J]. 中国地质, 50(1): 206-221. doi: 10.12029/gc20220221002
引用本文: 涂春霖, 杨坤, 和成忠, 张连凯, 李博, 魏总, 姜昕, 杨明花. 2023. 滇东典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属来源及风险评价[J]. 中国地质, 50(1): 206-221. doi: 10.12029/gc20220221002
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TU Chunlin, YANG Kun, HE Chengzhong, ZHANG Liankai, LI Bo, WEI Zong, JIANG Xin, YANG Minghua. 2023. Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of small watersheds in typical coal mining areas of Eastern Yunnan[J]. Geology in China, 50(1): 206-221. doi: 10.12029/gc20220221002
Citation: TU Chunlin, YANG Kun, HE Chengzhong, ZHANG Liankai, LI Bo, WEI Zong, JIANG Xin, YANG Minghua. 2023. Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of small watersheds in typical coal mining areas of Eastern Yunnan[J]. Geology in China, 50(1): 206-221. doi: 10.12029/gc20220221002
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滇东典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属来源及风险评价

  • 1.

    中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心/自然资源部自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心, 云南 昆明 650100

  • 2.

    云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南 昆明 650100

  • 3.

    云南省地图院, 云南 昆明 650100

  • 基金项目:
    中国地质调查局项目(DD20208075)资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 涂春霖, 男, 1989年生, 工程师, 从事水文地质环境地质调查工作; E-mail: 475186143@qq.com
    通讯作者: 和成忠, 男, 1988年生, 工程师, 从事水文地质环境地质调查工作; E-mail: 443220880@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: X52;X820.4

Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of small watersheds in typical coal mining areas of Eastern Yunnan

  • 1.

    Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey/Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming 650100, Yunnan, China

  • 2.

    College of Resource and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, Yunnan, China

  • 3.

    The Map Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650100, Yunnan, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by the project of China Geological Survey (No.DD20208075)
More Information
    Author Bio: TU Chunlin, male, born in 1989, engineer, engaged in hydrogeological environment geological survey; E-mail: 475186143@qq.com .
    Corresponding author: HE Chengzhong, male, born in 1988, engineer, engaged in hydrogeological environment geological survey; E-mail: 443220880@qq.com

    摘要
  • 研究目的

    滇东地区是中国南方重要的煤炭生产基地，研究典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属来源及生态风险，对煤矿区生态环境保护和治理有着重要的现实意义。

     研究方法

    系统采集小流域表层沉积物样品，测定重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg、Mn、Ni、Cr、Zn和V的含量，运用地累积指数法、潜在风险指数法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行评价，并通过数理统计方法分析了其潜在来源。

     研究结果

    小流域沉积物中除As和Pb外，其余重金属均超过了云南省土壤背景值，但仅Cu的平均含量超过风险筛选值。在空间分布上，Cr、Ni和V为中等变异，其余重金属为高度变异。各重金属污染程度排序为Cr > Cu > Cd > Mn > Zn > V > Ni > Hg > Pb > As，其中Cr主要为偏中度污染，Cu、Cd、Mn、Zn、V和Ni主要为轻度污染，As、Pb和Hg主要为无污染。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险总体呈低风险—中等风险，Cd和Hg是最主要的生态风险因子，均表现为中等风险，其余重金属的生态风险则较低。相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明，沉积物重金属受到人类活动和自然背景的双重控制，其中Mn、Ni、V和Cr主要为自然来源，As、Hg、Cd和Pb主要为人为来源，而Cu和Zn则受到自然来源和人为来源的综合影响。

     结论

    虽然研究区为滇东典型的地质高背景区，但煤炭工业等人类活动对流域沉积物生态环境质量造成的潜在风险也不可忽视，尤其要注意Cd和Hg的监测和治理。

    This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.

     Objective

    Eastern Yunnan is an important coal base in southern China. To reveal the sources and ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments of small watersheds in typical coal mining areas is of great significance for the protection and treatment of ecological environment in coal mining areas.

     Methods

    The surface sediment samples were collected from small watersheds, and total contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn and V were determined. The pollution degree and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals were evaluated by the geo- accumulation index and potential risk index, and their potential sources were analyzed based on mathematical statistics method.

     Results

    The results shows that the heavy metals in the sediments of small watershed exceed the soil background value of Yunnan Province except As and Pb, but only the average content of Cu exceed the risk screening value. In terms of spatial distribution, Cr, Ni and V are of medium variation while the other heavy metals are of highly variation. The pollution degree of each heavy metal can be ranked as Cr > Cu > Cd > Mn > Zn > V > Ni > Hg > Pb > As, in which the pollution of Cr is of moderate degree, the pollution of Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, V and Ni are of mild degree, and the pollution of As, Pb and Hg are clean and pollution-free. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments presents a low risk to medium risk. Cd and Hg are the main ecological risk factors, showing moderate risk, while the ecological risk of other heavy metals is relatively low. The results of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that the contents of heavy metals in sediments are controlled by human activities and natural background, in which Mn, Ni, V and Cr are mainly from natural sources, As, Hg, Cd and Pb are mainly from man-made sources, and Cu and Zn are comprehensively affected by both of natural and manmade sources.

     Conclusions

    Although the study area is a typical geological high background area in eastern Yunnan, the potential risks caused by human activities such as coal industry to the ecological environment quality of sediments in the basin cannot be ignored, especially the monitoring and treatment of Cd and Hg.
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  • 图 1  滇东典型煤矿区小流域采样点分布示意

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  研究区表层沉积物重金属地质累积指数箱线图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  研究区沉积物重金属生态风险评价结果

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  研究区各采样点综合生态风险指数

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  沉积物重金属聚类分析结果

    Figure 5. 

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    表 1  重金属污染级别

    Table 1.  Heavy metal contamination levels

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  潜在生态风险评估指标与等级划分

    Table 2.  Potential ecological risk assessment indicators and classification

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    表 3  重金属的描述性统计

    Table 3.  Descriptive statistics of heavy metals

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  滇东典型煤矿区小流域沉积物重金属含量(mg/kg)与其他地区比较

    Table 4.  Comparison of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) in sediments between small watersheds and other areas

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  研究区沉积物重金属地累积指数评价

    Table 5.  Heavy metal geological accumulation index of sediments in the surface sediments of the study area

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 6  研究区沉积物重金属含量相关关系

    Table 6.  Correlation coefficients between major ions of the study area

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    表 7  研究区沉积物重金属样品旋转成分矩阵

    Table 7.  Rotational composition matrix of heavy metal samples from sediments in the study area

    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2022-02-21
修回日期:  2022-12-26
刊出日期:  2023-02-25

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