Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of vanadium and cobalt in surface soil of the Tongbai-Biyang Area, Henan Province
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摘要:
研究目的 为了查明桐柏—泌阳地区表层土壤（0~20 cm）中2种重金属钒和钴的污染状况，采集表层土壤样品5521件，分析测定重金属V和Co的含量。
研究方法 运用单因子指数法、地累计指数法和人体健康风险评价方法，对土壤中V和Co的分布特征、生态风险、健康风险和影响因素进行研究。
研究结果 研究区内土壤V和Co空间分布呈片状分布，含量高值区主要分布在研究区南部。单因子污染指数和地累积指数评价中，Co元素总体污染样点比V元素多，且均存在复合污染的样点。人体健康风险评价结果显示成人的风险要大于儿童。成人中V非致癌风险指数均超过1；99.06%样品中V的儿童非致癌风险高于1；非致癌风险传播途径主要以呼吸吸入为主。存在32.95%样品Co对成人的非致癌风险为不可接受，存在19.74%样品Co对儿童的非致癌风险为不可接受。成人与儿童的致癌风险指数均在可接受的范围内。成人与儿童的非致癌风险和致癌风险指数高值区均分在研究区南部。
结论 土壤V和Co含量的高低不仅受土壤黏粒、pH值和铁、锰氧化物的影响，还受人类活动的影响。研究区矿产资源开采可能是该地区土壤V和Co污染和健康风险的主要原因。
Abstract:This paper is the result of ecological geological survey engineering.
Objective In order to find out the pollution status of two heavy metals vanadium and cobalt in the surface soil (0- 20 cm) in Tongbai- Biyang area, 5521 topsoil samples were collected to analyze and determine the content of heavy metals V and Co.
Methods The distribution characteristics, ecological risk, health risk and influencing factors of V and Co in soil were studied by using the single-factor index method, geoaccumulation index method and human health risk assessment method.
Results The results show that the V and Co in the study area were distributed in patches, and the area with high V and Co content was mainly in the south of the area. By assessing the single-factor pollution index and the geo-accumulation index, we found that there were more Co samples than V ones, and some samples had both elements. The human health risk assessment results show that adults are at a higher risk than children. The non-carcinogenic risk index of all V samples for adults was more than 1, while 99.06% of that for children was more than 1. The main route of non-carcinogenic risk transmission was through respiratory inhalation. 32.95% of Co samples for adults were deemed not acceptable regarding non- carcinogenic risk, while the figure for children was 19.74%. The carcinogenic risk indexes for both adults and children were within acceptable ranges. And the southern part of the area presented high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indexes for adults and children.
Conclusions The content of V and Co in soil was affected by not only soil clay, pH value as well as iron and manganese oxides, but also human activities. Mining in the study area may be the main cause of V and Co soil pollution and health risks.
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表 1 各项指标分析方法检出限要求（mg/kg）
Table 1. Detection limit requirements of each index analysis method (mg/kg)
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表 2 单因子污染指数与地累积指数污染程度分级表
Table 2. Pollution grading table of the single-factor pollution index and the geo-accumulation index
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表 4 不同暴露途径下重金属元素的参考剂量
Table 4. Reference doses of heavy metal elements under different exposure routes
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表 5 表层土壤V和Co元素描述性统计结果（n=1378，mg/kg）
Table 5. Descriptive statistical results of V and Co elements in surface soil (n=1378, mg/kg)
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表 6 土壤V和Co单因子污染评价结果
Table 6. Evaluation results of single-factor pollution of soil V and Co
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表 7 土壤V和Co地累积指数评价结果
Table 7. Evaluation results of the geo-accumulative indexes of V and Co
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表 8 不同暴露途径下成人和儿童健康风险评价指数值
Table 8. Health risk assessment for adults and children under different exposure routes
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表 9 表层土壤V和Co与各重金属元素皮尔逊相关系数
Table 9. Correlation between V and Co and heavy metal elements in surface soil
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表 10 表层土壤V和Co与其影响因素皮尔逊相关系数
Table 10. Correlation between V and Co in surface soil and its factors
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