Analysis and evaluation of environmental sensitivity in the Qinhe River Basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River
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摘要:
研究目的 沁河流域作为黄河流域重要的一级支流，也是黄河流域的重要水土保持功能区，当前面临着水环境遭受破坏以及土壤侵蚀这两个敏感环境问题，环境敏感性评价是用于表征外界干扰对自然生态系统可能造成结果的重要指标，对区域建立生态涵养区的环境政策以及有效进行区域生态建设具有重要作用。
研究方法 根据研究区面临的不同环境地质问题选取了层次分析法（AHP）与RUSLE模型的评价方法以及相关因子，并结合GIS空间数据技术强大的空间分析功能，将图形处理与空间数据运算结合，生成敏感性评价图，评价结果直观，为环境敏感性分析提供了技术支持。
研究结果 针对沁河流域的环境敏感性进行评价，并划分为轻度、中度、高度、极度4类敏感区域，进行统计分析，得出流域内以中、高度敏感区域占比最大，分别占总面积的33.43%、48.56%，同时以各支流流域为依托，针对各类敏感区域的主要环境问题，对其环境现状产生的原因及改善方法提出了相应的调整方案。
结论 依据各区域环境现状及敏感性程度提出了沁河全流域的生态环境保护修复思路，构建一个山地生态系统和平原生态系统有机结合的生态网络格局，致力于改善沁河流域的生态环境现状。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrological geological survey engineering.
Objective As an important first-class tributary of the Yellow River Basin, it is also an important functional area for soil and water conservation, the Qinhe River Basin is facing two sensitive environmental problems, water environment destruction and soil erosion. Environmental sensitivity evaluation is an important measure of external interference with natural ecosystems. It plays an important role in carrying out regional ecological protection.
Methods Based on the different environmental geological problems faced, the evaluation methods of analytic hierarchy (AHP) and RUSLE models were selected. Moreover, combined with the powerful spatial analysis function of GIS spatial data technology, sensitivity evaluation maps were generated by integrating graph processing and spatial data operation. The evaluation results were intuitive, which provided technical support for environmental sensitivity analysis.
Results After assessment, it can be divided into four types of sensitive areas, that is, mildly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas, highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas. Statistical analysis shows that moderate and highly sensitive areas account for the largest proportion, reaching 33.43% and 48.56% of the total area, respectively. At the same time, based on each tributary basin, the author puts forward the corresponding adjustment plans to the causes and improvement methods of the environmental status, aiming at the main environmental problems facing each type of sensitive areas.
Conclusions According to the environmental conditions and sensitivities of each region, the ecological environmental protection and restoration idea was put froward, and an ecological network pattern combining mountain and plain ecosystems is constructed to improve the ecological environment of the Qinhe River Basin.
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表 3 沁河流域各级土壤侵蚀面积统计表
Table 3. Statistics of soil erosion area at all levels in the Qinhe River Basin
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表 4 沁河流域环境敏感性特征值
Table 4. Characteristic values of environmental sensitivity of the Qinhe River Basin
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表 5 沁河流域环境敏感性面积统计表
Table 5. Statistics of environmental sensitivity area in the Qinhe River Basin
下载: 导出CSV
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