Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and development potential of groundwater resources in Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 陕西省是黄河流经的重要省份，揭示黄河流域陕西省地下水资源禀赋，探究地下水资源分布特征、影响因素及开发利用潜力可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供重要支撑。
研究方法 本文以黄河流域陕西省为研究区，划分评价单元，评价地下水资源量；引入泰尔指数从人口和面积两方面评估各区域地下水资源分布差异；通过灰色关联分析探究地下水资源分布的影响因素及影响程度；利用水资源负载指数和开采潜力指数，定量评价各行政区地下水资源开发利用程度及潜力。
研究结果 黄河流域陕西省多年平均地下水资源量为77.59×108 m3/a，地下水资源分布差异较大，各评价单元中关中盆地区地下水资源人口和面积分布差异最大，行政区中延安市与西安市地下水资源分布差异最大。降水是全区地下水资源最主要的影响因素，其次为人类活动尤其农业灌溉，地表水因素对渭南市、榆林市有较大影响，蒸散发对延安、榆林、宝鸡地下水资源有一定影响。研究区地下水开采潜力指数介于0.8~2.5，地下水资源负载指数呈现上升趋势，较全国属于高负载区，各行政区开发利用潜力差异明显，开发程度较高区域集中在关中城市群，西安市开发程度最高，铜川市开发利用程度最低。
结论 黄河流域陕西省地下水资源及开发潜力分布差异大、影响因素多元，应进一步加强水资源优化配置与分区分类调控，构建更加协调的资源发展格局。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective Shaanxi Province is an important province where the Yellow River flows. Revealing groundwater resource endowment, exploring distribution characteristics, influencing factors and exploitation and utilization potential of groundwater resources can provide important support for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
Methods Taking Shaanxi Province of Yellow River Basin as the study area, the groundwater resources are evaluated by dividing evaluation units. The Thiel index is introduced to assess differences in the distribution of groundwater resources by region in terms of both population and area. Grey correlation analysis is used to explore the influencing factors and degree of groundwater resource distribution. The exploitation and utilization degree and potential of groundwater resources in each administrative region are evaluated quantitatively by means of water resource load index and exploitation potential index.
Results The annual average groundwater resource in Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin is 77.59×108 m3/a. The regional distribution of groundwater resources varies greatly. The population and area distribution of groundwater resources in Guanzhong Basin area of each evaluation unit has the largest difference, and the difference of groundwater resources distribution between Yan'an City and Xi'an City is the largest. Precipitation is the most important factor affecting groundwater resources in the whole region, followed by human activities, especially agricultural irrigation. Surface water factors have a great impact on Weinan and Yulin cities, and evapotranspiration has a certain impact on groundwater resources in Yan'an, Yulin and Baoji. The groundwater exploitation potential index of the study area is between 0.8 and 2.5, and the groundwater resource load index shows an upward trend, which is a high load area compared with the whole country. The spatial difference of development and utilization potential of each administrative region is obvious. The region with high development degree is concentrated in Guanzhong City Group. Xi'an City has the highest development degree, whereas Tongchuan City has the lowest development and utilization degree.
Conclusions The distribution of groundwater resources and development potential in Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin is very different, and the influencing factors are multiple. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the optimal allocation of water resources, zoning and classification regulation, and build a more coordinated pattern of resource development.
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表 3 黄河流域陕西省地下水资源量表（2000—2020年）
Table 3. Groundwater resources in Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin (2000-2020)
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 黄河流域陕西省各行政区地下水资源分布情况
Table 4. Distribution of groundwater resources in administrative regions of Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin
下载: 导出CSV
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