Genetic types, distribution, application and ore-searching prospects of boron deposits
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摘要:
研究目的 硼是重要的非金属关键性矿产资源，也是新技术产业重要的工业原材料。中国硼矿资源储量2400万t，位列世界第五，中国既是硼矿生产大国，也是硼矿进口大国，82%的硼矿来自国外。研究硼矿床的成因、分布及其找矿远景，是解决中国硼资源大量依赖进口的有效途径，有利于保障国民经济的持续发展。
研究方法 本文通过搜集公开资料，对硼矿的成因类型、分布及应用等进行了归纳总结。
研究结果 硼矿按成因可划分为火山沉积型、沉积变质型、矽卡岩型、现代盐湖型、地下卤水型、海相蒸发沉积型等六类；主要分布于环太平洋沿岸及地中海沿岸，如土耳其的凯斯特莱克、埃梅特、比加迪奇等矿床，美国的克拉默矿床，玻利维亚的乌尤尼盐湖等，储量占全球储量的90%左右。
结论 其中火山沉积型硼矿床占全球总量的75%左右，品位最低可达25%（B2O3），是全球重要的矿床类型；现代盐湖型硼矿床约占20%，品位8%~30%（B2O3）不等；沉积变质型硼矿床是中国重要的硼工业矿床，矿石品位11%（B2O3）。根据硼矿床的规模及分布，将全球划分为六大成矿远景区。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Boron is an important non-metallic key mineral resource and an important industrial raw material in the new technology industry. China is not only a major producer of boron deposits, but also a major importer. Eighty-two percent of boron ore comes from abroad. Studying the origin, distribution and prospects of boron mineral deposits is an effective way to address the massive dependence on imports of boron resources, which is beneficial to the development of the national economy.
Methods By collecting public information, this paper summarizes the genesis types, distribution and application of boron deposits.
Results Boron deposits can be divided into volcanic sedimentary type, sedimentary metamorphic type, skarn type, modern salt lake type, underground brine type and marine evaporative sedimentary type. It is mainly distributed in the Pacific Rim and the Mediterranean coast, such as Kestelek, Emat, Bigadic and other deposits in Turkey, Kramer deposit in the United States and Uyuni Salt Lake in Bolivia, accounting for about 90% of the global reserves.
Conclusions Among them, volcanic sedimentary boron deposits account for about 75% of the global total, and the lowest grade is 25% (B2O3), which is an important deposit type in the world. Modern salt lake type boron deposits account for about 20%, grade 8%-30% (B2O3). The sedimentary metamorphic boron deposit is an important boron industrial deposit in China, with ore grade of 11% (B2O3). The world is divided into six regions of metallogenic potential based on the size and distribution of boron deposits.
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图 2 土耳其新近纪盆地硼酸盐矿床形成的沉积模式图（修改自Helvaci and Palmer, 2017）
Figure 2.
图 3 中国柴达木盆地盐湖分布地质简图（修改自Fan et al., 2015）
Figure 3.
图 5 俄罗斯陶卡成矿带在锡霍特—阿林—北萨哈林造山带中的位置（修改自Ratkin et al., 2016）
Figure 5.
图 6 土耳其西部地区硼矿床分布地质简图（修改自 Helvaci and Palmer, 2017）
Figure 6.
表 4 硼化物的特性与应用（修改自张福祥等，2019）
Table 4. Characteristics and applications of borides (modified from Zhang Fuxiang et al., 2019)
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表 5 全球硼矿成矿带划分（修改自李空，2016）
Table 5. Classification of global boron metallogenic belts (modified from Li Kong, 2016)
下载: 导出CSV
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