Geochemistry of pyrrhotite in the Jiama deposit, Tibet and its relationship with gold enrichment and precipitation
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摘要:
研究目的 甲玛矿床是西藏冈底斯成矿带最重要的斑岩成矿系统之一，具有斑岩、矽卡岩、角岩、脉状金矿四位一体矿体结构，形成了丰富的矿物种类和多样的金属矿化。其中，磁黄铁矿作为重要的金属矿物之一，其矿物地球化学特征以及与金矿化的耦合关系一直不明确。
研究方法 此次，以甲玛斑岩成矿系统外围和远端的不同产状的磁黄铁矿为研究对象，基于详细的野外地质调查和镜下鉴定，通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱分析方法（LA-ICP-MS）对不同产状的磁黄铁矿开展测点分析和扫描分析，详细揭示其地球化学特征。
研究结果 结果显示，甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿主要富集Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、Se，弱富集Pb、Bi、Sb、Te、Ag、As，而Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Ba、W、Au、Tl、Th、U等元素含量较低。其中，矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿具有较高的Co/Ni比值，能有效揭示其岩浆热液成因，而角岩中磁黄铁矿可能继承了一定的沉积特征。
结论 甲玛矿区磁黄铁矿的Cu、Zn、Pb含量变化特征与矿床空间矿化规律一致。矽卡岩中的块状磁黄铁矿与金矿化关系密切，金主要呈他形、不规则的独立金矿物产于磁黄铁矿的孔隙和粒间。同时，金的富集和沉淀可能与富铋的熔体有关。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective As one of the most important porphyry metallogenic systems in Gangdese metallogenic belt in Tibet, Jiama has a four in one orebody structure of porphyry, skarn, hornfels, and vein gold ore-body, forming riched minerals and diverse metal mineralization. Pyrrhotite is one of the important metal minerals, and its mineral geochemistry and relationship with gold mineralization are still obscure.
Methods The mineralogy and geochemistry of pyrrhotite in different occurrences of the Jiama porphyry system are the main objects for this paper according to detailed field geological survey, petrography, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis.
Results The results show that pyrrhotite is obviously enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, and Se, and weakly enriched in Pb, Bi, Sb, Te, Ag, and As, and low content of Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Ba, W, Au, Tl, Th, U, relatively. Moreover, the pyrrhotite from skarn has a high ratio of Co/Ni, represent the its magmatic-hydrothermal genesis, while the pyrrhotite hosted in hornfels shows sedimentary characteristics.
Conclusions The variation of contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in pyrrhotite are related to the spatial mineralization in the Jiama deposit. The massive pyrrhotite in skarn is closely related to gold mineralization and the gold is mainly anhedral or irregular free gold occurring in the cavity and boundary of pyrrhotite grains. The enrichment and precipitation of gold could be related to bismuth-rich melts in the ore-fluids.
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Key words:
- LA-ICP-MS /
- trace elements /
- pyrrhotite /
- porphyry Cu deposit /
- gold mineralization /
- Jiama /
- Tibet
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图 5 甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿Co-Ni协变图（据冷成彪, 2017；刘武生等, 2019）
Figure 5.
表 1 甲玛矿区磁黄铁矿微量元素分析结果（10-6）
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS data of trace element of Pyrrhotite in Jiama deposit(10-6)
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