Sedimentary rare earth in the eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou: A new genetic type and potential of development and utilization
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摘要:
研究目的 稀土是重要的自然资源，更是宝贵且关键的战略资源。本文通过对滇东—黔西地区沉积型稀土资源野外地质调查及室内综合研究，揭示了该稀土资源的优势及开发利用潜力，既丰富了全球稀土资源工业类型，又支撑了国家关键稀土资源战略储备。
研究方法 本文基于对含矿地层特征、典型矿石特征、稀土元素配分特征以及稀土资源潜力等方面的研究，探讨该稀土资源的成因类型、稀土元素赋存状态以及开发利用潜力。
研究结果 查明含矿地层为二叠系上统宣威组（P3x）；富稀土矿石的岩性为灰白色铝土质黏土岩和粉砂质黏土岩；其成因属沉积型；在威宁县黑石头—麻乍—哲觉地区，矿体厚度2~18m不等，矿体延伸较连续，稀土氧化物（TREO）含量最高达1.6%，矿体块段稀土（TREO）加权平均品位为0.18%~0.46%，推断资源量超30万t；该稀土资源中“关键稀土元素（CREE）”占比高达22.6%（以∑CREO计），高于国内外大多数正在开发利用的稀土矿；针对该稀土资源研发了“选择性浸出”新工艺，使稀土回收率达90%以上，该稀土资源有望实现规模化工业利用。
结论 该沉积型稀土资源具有矿体厚度大、矿石品位高、资源潜力大、开采成本低、矿石中关键稀土元素（CREO）占比高、开发利用前景好等优点。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Rare earth is not only important natural non-renewable resources, but also a key strategic resource. Based on the field geological survey and indoor comprehensive study of sedimentary rare earth resources in the eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou area, this paper reveals the advantages and development and utilization potential of the rare earth resources, which not only enriches the industrial types of the global rare earth resources, but also supports the national strategic reserve of key rare earth resources.
Methods Based on the research on the characteristics of ore-bearing strata, typical ore characteristics, the partition characteristics of rare earth elements and the potential of rare earth resources, this paper discusses the genetic types of the rare earth resources, the occurrence state of rare earth elements and the potential of development and utilization.
Results The ore-bearing stratum is identified as Xuanwei Formation of Upper Permian (P3x); the lithology of rare-earth rich ore is gray- white aluminite claystone and silty claystone; the origin of rare earth ore belongs to sedimentary type; in Weining County Heishitou—Mazha—Zhejue area, the thickness of ore body varies from 2m to 18m, the ore body extension is relatively continuous, the content of rare earth oxide (TREO) is up to 1.6%, the weighted average grade of ore body block (TREO) is 0.18% to 0.46%, and the inferred resource is over 300, 000 tons; the proportion of "Critical rare earth elements (CREE)" in the rare earth resources is up to 22.6% (∑CREO), which is higher than most of the rare earth deposits under development and utilization at domestic and overseas. In addition, the new selective leaching technology is used in the dressing and metallurgy test, and the results indicate that the recovery of rare earth can reach more than 90%. This new type of rare earth mine is expected to realize large-scale industrial utilization.
Conclusions The sedimentary rare earth resource has the advantages of large ore thickness, high ore grade, large resource potential, low mining cost, high proportion of critical rare earth elements (CREO) in ore, and good development and utilization prospect.
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置图（据骆耀南, 1985; 张志斌等, 2006）
Figure 1.
图 6 全岩球粒陨石稀土配分图（据田恩源等, 2020修改；标准化数值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 6.
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