Research on development of industry chain of lithium resources under the background of new energy
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摘要:
研究目的 近年来，全球经济产业结构和能源供给结构向绿色低碳转型，新能源产业加速发展。了解新能源背景下全球锂资源产业链发展现状和趋势，有助于为全球锂行业可持续发展提供基础性认识，为政府和企业提升锂资源产业链竞争力提供相关参考。
研究方法 本文梳理了日益增长的新能源需求对全球锂资源产业链在资源供需、冶炼加工、终端消费、回收利用等各环节的具体影响。
研究结果 通过梳理分析，新能源背景下全球锂资源终端消费，尤其是动力电池领域，持续旺盛，全球锂需求快速增长，供需错位下价格持续上升；锂资源在全球地位提升，世界各主要经济体将其列为关键矿产，出台系列政策保障本国锂资源安全供应、加强锂资源回收利用、推动产业结构转型升级；企业生产方式、企业结构、发展目标朝着低碳化、一体化、可持续方向发展。
结论 发展高效清洁能源成为世界各主要经济体解决能源和环境问题的有效途径，交通电力化和能源储存使全球对锂资源的需求持续快速增加。这些变化对上游锂矿产资源的供应格局，以及产业链中游生产加工和下游终端消费结构都产生了较大影响，但对产业链各环节传导和具体的影响方式是不均衡的。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective In recent years, the global economic industry structure and energy supply structure have transformed to green and low-carbon with the accelerated development of new energy industry. Understanding the development status and trend of the global lithium resource industry chain under the background of new energy would help us provide basic insights for the sustainable development of the global lithium industry and relevant references for the government and enterprises to improve the competitiveness of the lithium resource industry chain.
Methods This paper reviews the specific impact of the increasing demand for new energy on the global lithium resource industry chain in terms of resource supply and demand, smelting and processing, end consumption, and recycling.
Results Under the background of new energy, the global terminal consumption of lithium resources, especially in the field of power battery, has continued to flourish; the global demand for lithium has grown rapidly, while the price has continued to rise under the misplacement of supply and demand. With the rising importantance of lithium resources in the world, major economies have listed it as a key mineral, which conducting a series of policies to ensure the safe supply of lithium resources in their own countries, strengthen the recycling of lithium resources, and promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. The production mode, structure and development goal of the enterprises are developing in the direction of low-carbon, integration and sustainability.
Conclusions Developing efficient and clean energy has become an effective way to solve energy and environmental problems, and transportation electrification and energy storage make the global demand for lithium resources continue to increase rapidly. These changes have obvious impact not only on the supply pattern of lithium resources in the upstream, but also on the production and processing in the midstream and consumption structure in the downstream end of the industrial chain. However, the transmission and specific impact on every link of the industrial chain are uneven.
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图 1 2020年全球锂（碳酸锂）储量（a）和资源量（b）主要国家分布图（据王高尚和李建星，2021）
Figure 1.
表 1 世界主要经济体新能源产业发展相关政策
Table 1. Policies related to the development of new energy industry of the major economies in the world
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