Classification and assessment methodology of carbon dioxide geological storage in deep saline aquifers
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摘要:
研究目的 碳达峰碳中和目标背景下，咸水层CO2地质封存技术被认为是中国化石能源领域实现碳中和目标的兜底技术。随着不同地质尺度的封存潜力评价研究日趋广泛和深入，迫切需要建立统一的封存潜力分级体系和科学的评价方法。
研究方法 本文参考固体矿产、油气矿产等地质勘查等经验，以及国内外咸水层封存潜力级别及评价方法，划分了中国咸水层封存工作阶段及封存潜力级别，并提出了潜力评价思路、计算公式及重要系数取值参考。
研究结果 一是咸水层CO2地质封存可设定为普查、详查、勘探和注入四个工作阶段，封存潜力可划分为地质潜力、技术容量、技术经济容量和工程封存量四大类，其中普查阶段对应预测级别（D级），详查阶段对应控制级别（C级），勘探阶段对应探明级别（B级），注入阶段对应工程级别（A级）。二是咸水层封存潜力评价可总体按照储层筛选、潜力定级、潜力计算三个步骤依次开展，有效储层应综合储集条件、盖层封闭性、封存体稳定性条件及深部资源开发影响等因素予以筛选圈定。三是不同级别的封存潜力计算根据应用场景合理选择容积法或机理法公式，以及地质系数、驱替系数、成本系数等关键参数取值，探明阶段需要结合不同的注入方案开展封存潜力数值模拟预测评价。
研究结论 中国咸水层CO2地质封存潜力评价应形成精度由低到高的多尺度多级别动态机制，本文提出的潜力评价级别及方法建议，能够科学地对比不同区域、不同阶段的潜力评价数据，也能够为咸水层封存工程审批和深部地下空间管理提供参考，但未来更符合工程实际的潜力计算公式及关键参数赋值，仍需要通过大量的室内实验、数值模拟和工程实践不断创新。
Abstract:This paper is the result of comprehensive geological survey engineering of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Objective To achieve the carbon neutrality, the carbon dioxide geological storage in saline aquifers is considered as the bottom technology in the field of fossil energy in China. With the increasingly extensive and in-depth research on the evaluation of storage potential at different geological scales, it is urgent to establish a unified classification system and scientific evaluation methods for storage potential.
Methods This paper refers to the geological exploration experience of solid minerals, oil and gas minerals, as well as the potential levels and evaluation methods of saline aquifer carbon dioxide storage at home and abroad. It divides the stages and potential levels of saline aquifer carbon dioxide storage in China, and proposes potential evaluation ideas, calculation formulas, and important coefficient values for reference.
Results Firstly, by setting four stages of the requirements for exploration and geological understanding of the storage sites, i.e. general exploration, detailed exploration, advanced exploration and injection, the carbon dioxide storage potential is divided into four levels: geological potential, technically capacity, technically-commercial capacity and engineering reserves. The general exploration stage corresponds to the possible level (Level D), the detailed exploration stage corresponds to the probable level (Level C), the advanced exploration stage corresponds to the proved level (Level B), and the injection stage corresponds to the engineering level (Level A). Secondly, the assessment on carbon dioxide storage potential can be carried out in process of reservoir selection, potential grading and calculation, and the effective reservoirs should be selected considering storage conditions, sealing ability, stability of storage complex, and development of deep resources. At last, for different levels of carbon dioxide storage potential calculation, formulas of volume method or mechanism method, as well as geological coefficient, displacement coefficient, cost coefficient and other key parameters should be reasonably selected according to the application scenarios. The carbon dioxide storage potential should be assessed using numerical simulation with different injection schemes in the detailed exploration stage.
Conclusions The potential assessment on carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers should include a multi-scale and multi-level dynamic evaluation mechanism with a precision from low to high. The classification and assessment methodology of carbon dioxide geological storage in saline aquifers proposed could provide support (references) for potential of different regions and assessment stages, and also the management of deep underground space for saline aquifer carbon dioxide storage. However, the potential calculation formulas and key coefficient values are still need to be innovated through a large number of lab experiments, numerical simulation and project practices, as that are more consistent with the actual storage sites.
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表 1 咸水层封存各勘查阶段地质认识程度要求
Table 1. Requirements for geological understanding of exploration stages of saline aquifer CO2 storage
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表 2 勘查注入阶段与潜力级别对应关系
Table 2. Corresponding relationships between exploration & injection stages and potential levels
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表 3 Esweep取值推荐（Goodman et al., 2011）
Table 3. Recommendation value of Esweep(Goodman et al., 2011)
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表 4 Ecost取值推荐（%; Li et al., 2019）
Table 4. Recommendation value of Ecost(%; Li et al., 2019)
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