Characteristics of the Chiwawu Cu−Mo deposit in the northern section of Taihang Mountains and the prediction of prospecting target area using geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote integrated information
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摘要:
研究目的 赤瓦屋铜钼矿位于太行山北段成矿带，属于找矿突破战略的重点勘查区域，目前找矿工作进入瓶颈期，本研究对下一步找矿突破具有重要指导意义。
研究方法 本文基于对赋矿岩体、矿床地质特征、地球物理、地球化学和遥感地质的综合研究，分析找矿标志。
研究结果 认为赤瓦屋铜钼矿与深部花岗斑岩有关，具有斑岩型矿床的典型矿化特征，形成于早白垩世；研究区环形构造发育，大型环形构造与赤瓦屋岩体及外围隐伏岩体有关，小微型环形构造多数与隐蔽爆破角砾岩或隐伏小岩株有关；地球化学异常及遥感蚀变异常的空间分布吻合程度高，对矿化具有显著的控制作用；提出了4个找矿靶区。
结论 在赤瓦屋岩体内部应把确定隐爆角砾岩体和隐伏花岗斑岩体的空间位置作为找矿工作的重点，以寻找Cu、Mo矿为主；外围应以Cu、Au、Ag多金属矿为主。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Chiwawu copper–molybdenum deposit is located in the northern Taihang Mountains metallogenic belt, which is one of the key exploration zones as part of the ‘Prospecting Breakthrough Strategy’ implementation. However, the mineral exploration in this deposit has entered a bottleneck stage currently. This study aims to provide new target areas for the deposit.
Methods Identify exploration indicators based on a comprehensive interpretation of the geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing data of the deposit.
Results The deposit was formed in the Early Cretaceous and exhibits similar mineralization characteristics to typical porphyry deposits, indicating a close association with deep−seated granite porphyry. Circular structures are widely distributed in the study area, with large circular structures associated with the Chiwawu coplex and other concealed intrusions, while small to macro−sized circular structures are associated with cryptoexplosive breccias or concealed small stocks. There is a strong spatial correlation between the geochemical anomalies and alteration zones discriminated using the remote sensing data, which can serve as an effective indicator for mineralization. Four exploration target areas are delineated.
Conclusions Within the Chiwawu complex, locating the cryptoexplosive breccias and concealed granite porphyry is crucial for Cu and Mo prospecting, while in the surrounding area prospecting, the focus is recommended to be on Cu, Au, and Ag.
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表 1 太行山北段主要岩体特征一览
Table 1. Characteristics of main magmatic rocks in the north section of Taihang Mountains
主要岩性 围岩 面积/产状 岩石化学 成因 年龄/Ma 资料来源 大河南 细粒石英二长岩、石英闪长岩、正长花岗岩、花岗斑岩 阜平岩群、长城系、蓟县系、青白口系、侏罗系、寒武系、奥陶系 760 km2
岩基高钾钙碱性，贫Ba、Sr、高La/Yb I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融127~147 陈斌等，2002；
王霞，2012；
董明明，2014王安镇 辉长闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩 阜平岩群、元古界白云岩、寒武系−奥陶系石灰岩 870 km2
岩基高钾钙碱性，富Sr、高La/Yb I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融129~145.7 陈斌等，2002；
王霞，2012；
申志超等，2015；张海东等，2016麻棚 石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩 阜平岩群 64.5 km2
岩株高钾钙碱性，富Sr、Ba I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融126~144 王启超等，1995；
张萌萌，2020；
李林林等，2012赤瓦屋 石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斑状花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩 阜平岩群 59.3 km2
岩株高钾钙碱性 I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融126~139.8 夏国礼等，2005，2007；
李林林等，2012；
张志远等，2021台峪 花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩 阜平岩群 11.6 km2
岩株高钾钙碱性 I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融132 本文 高贡 花岗闪长斑岩、微晶钠长斑岩、花岗斑岩 长城系高于庄组
阜平岩群3 km2
岩株高钾钙碱性 I型花岗岩，
下地壳部分熔融130 本文 
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表 2 太行山北段主要矿床特征简表
Table 2. Characteristics of main deposits in the north section of Taihang Mountains
矿床名称 矿床类型 赋矿围岩 成生岩体 矿体形态 矿物组份 围岩蚀变 矿床规模 成矿年龄 资料来源 石湖
金矿石英脉型 阜平群团泊口组黑云斜长片麻岩 麻棚岩体及中酸性脉岩 脉状，薄板状，透镜状 黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿 硅化、绢云母化、黄铁绢英岩化和绿泥石化 大型 130 Ma 陈超等，2009; 李青等，2013 木吉村铜矿 斑岩型−矽卡岩型 古生界灰岩和中上元古界白云岩、燧石条带白云岩为主 来源杂岩体、闪长玢岩 多为厚大不规则透镜体 黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、磁铁矿、少量辉银矿、硫钴矿、白钨矿等 强硅化带、钾化带、石英绢云母化带青磐岩化带、矽卡岩化 铜大型，
钼中型144~139 Ma 马国玺，1997；马国玺等，2010；高永丰等，2011；申志超等，2015 大湾锌钼矿 斑岩型−矽卡岩型 古生界灰岩和中上元古界白云岩、燧石条带白云岩 燕山期司格庄杂岩体流纹斑岩 透镜状、似层状、脉状及不规则状 黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、斑铜矿、自然金、自然银 斑岩型热液蚀变和接触交代变质 锌矿大型钼矿大型伴生银大型，伴生镉大型 流纹斑岩140 Ma（Rb−Sr）辉钼矿137 Ma（Re−Os） 马国玺，1995；张立敏，2013 龙门
钼矿斑岩型 黑云斜长片麻岩、花岗斑岩、闪长岩 闪长岩、花岗岩、花岗斑岩 似层状、透镜状、不规则囊状 辉钼矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿 钾化带、石英绢云母化带、青磐岩化带 大型矿床 辉钼矿136.5 Ma（Re−Os
花岗斑岩
137 Ma张志远等，2021 安妥岭钼矿 斑岩型
矿床矿区东部岩体与地层接触部位的隐爆角
砾岩安妥岭岩体花岗闪长斑岩、二长花岗斑岩、
斑岩脉状、透镜状、似层状 辉钼矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿 钾化、石英绢云母化、青磐岩化 大型矿床 辉钼矿
147.8 Ma
（Re−Os）朱凤丽和张强，2011；张道忠，2012；胡瑞刚等，2013 秋卜洞银矿 隐蔽爆破角砾岩型及断裂充填型 隐爆角砾岩体、霏细岩 麻棚岩体外围老爷庙岩体，霏细岩、石英斑岩脉 脉状或厚大透镜体状 黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然银、自然金、辉银矿、硫银锡矿 青磐岩化带、钾化带、绢英岩化带 大型矿床 黄铁矿
101.9 Ma
（Rb−Sr）;
110 Ma曹文托和侯建荣，2018；孙文燕等，2023 白石台银矿 隐蔽爆破角砾岩型、斑岩型热液脉型银多金属矿床 隐爆角砾岩、微晶钠长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩等麻岩 高贡岩体、台峪岩体，微晶钠
长斑岩脉状，局部有分枝复合现象 黄铁矿，方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然金、辉银矿、银金矿、辉钼矿、磁黄铁矿 钾化、石英绢云母华、青磐岩化 银中型，镉中型，金小型，铜、铅、锌小型 137 Ma 本文；赵伟明，2018 廉巴岭铅、锌、银矿 中高温浅成热液矿床 主要围岩为白云岩，少数矿化体在花岗闪长岩 王安镇杂岩体边缘，花岗闪长岩、细晶花岗
岩脉透镜状或串珠状、囊状、瘤状 闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、雌黄铁矿和毒砂 矽卡岩化为主，滑石化、重晶石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化，绿帘石化，绢云母化 中型矿床 成矿密切相关细晶花岗岩脉锆石U−Pb年龄(126±10) Ma 马国玺，1999；吴继莲，2014 南赵庄铅锌矿 接触交代（矽卡岩）矿床 寒武系灰岩和奥陶系冶里组大理岩化白
云岩王安镇杂岩体，斑状石英二长岩 瘤状、囊状、网脉状、枝杈状、透镜状 镜铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、穆铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、 矽卡岩化为主、绿泥石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、滑石化 中型矿床 150 Ma 赵雪朋和宾金来，2012 野孤
钼矿斑岩−矽卡岩型铜钼矿床 碳酸盐岩、灰岩、碎屑岩 大河南、王安镇两大杂岩体、野狐岩体 细脉状、网脉状、浸染状、角砾状 辉钼矿、黄铁矿、石英、斜长石、黑云母 蚀变较弱 钼中（大）型、铜、铅、锌小型 (146.88±2.65) Ma 张道忠，2012
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