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基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

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李丹, 常健, 李晨星, 姚同云, 刘敏珠. 2021. 基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探. 地质力学学报, 27(6): 975-986. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
引用本文: 李丹, 常健, 李晨星, 姚同云, 刘敏珠. 2021. 基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探. 地质力学学报, 27(6): 975-986. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
shu
LI Dan, CHANG Jian, LI Chenxing, YAO Tongyun, LIU Minzhu. 2021. A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt. Journal of Geomechanics, 27(6): 975-986. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
Citation: LI Dan, CHANG Jian, LI Chenxing, YAO Tongyun, LIU Minzhu. 2021. A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt. Journal of Geomechanics, 27(6): 975-986. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
shu

基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

  • 1.

    中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249

  • 2.

    中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249

  • 3.

    北京阿什卡技术开发有限公司, 北京 100101

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金（41972125，U19B6003）
详细信息
    作者简介: 李丹(1994-), 女, 在读博士, 从事区域构造及盆地分析研究。E-mail: lidan941009@163.com
    通讯作者: 常健(1982-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事低温热年代学、盆山构造-热演化及油气成藏研究。E-mail: changjian@cup.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TE121

A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

  • 2.

    College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

  • 3.

    Beijing Ashka Technology Development Co Ltd, Beijing 100101, China

  • Fund Project: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No. 41972125, U19B6003)
More Information

    摘要

  • 盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一，然而传统的盆地建模2D模拟技术仅适用于拉张型盆地，使得挤压型盆地横向上的热史重建一直是个难题，从而制约了进一步的油气勘探。目前由法国Beicip-Franlab公司设计的KronosFlow软件突破了传统盆模软件对逆冲推覆带、盐构造和泥底辟等复杂构造的局限性，精确控制了横向和垂向上的构造位移，通过跟踪单个网格连续运动形态、恢复侧向变形量以及与TemisFlow软件无缝衔接，实现了对挤压型盆地埋藏史、热史、生排烃史以及油气运聚史的恢复。以塔里木盆地北缘柯坪逆冲推覆带和库车逆冲推覆带为例，利用KronosFlow软件定量反演了新生代以来的构造-热演化历史，并以实测数据约束并验证挤压环境下盆地模拟结果的有效性。柯坪逆冲推覆带的依木干他乌断层在40~30 Ma再次活动，断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度大于85 ℃，柯坪塔格断层在15~10 Ma活动，断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度小于70 ℃，寒武系（烃源岩成熟度为1.3%~1.7%）和奥陶系（烃源岩成熟度为0.7%~1.2%）烃源岩热演化程度高，生烃能力强。库车逆冲推覆带侏罗系北段温度介于50~70 ℃，南段温度介于210~230 ℃，盐构造造成地温异常，其中秋里塔格构造带膏盐岩最厚，降温效果最明显。

    Basin modeling is an essential technical method for the exploration and assessment of petroleum basins. However, traditional 2D basin modeling technologies only apply to extensional basins. This makes the thermal history reconstruction in lateral direction of compressional basins an unsolved problem and thus restricts oil and gas exploration. The latest KronosFlow software developed by the French Beicip-Franlab company breaks through the above limitations of traditional softwares on complex structures such as thrust-nappe belts, salt structures, mud diapir structures, and precisely controls the lateral and vertical structural displacements. We restored the burial history, thermal history, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion history, and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation history of compressional basins, by tracking the continuous motion pattern of a single grid, restoring lateral deformation and seamlessly interacting with the TemisFlow software. We then used the KronosFlow software on the Kalpin and Kuqa thrust-nappe belts in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin for quantitatively inverting the tectonic-thermal evolution history of the thrust-nappe belts since the Cenozoic. The modeling results were consistent with the measured paleo-thermal indicator data, confirming the validity of the results of this software for the compressional basin. The Yimugantawu fault in the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt was reactivated during 40~30 Ma, and the temperature of the Silurian-Devonian near the fault was higher than 85℃. The Kepingtag fault was active during 15~10 Ma, and the formation temperature was lower than 70℃. The Cambrian (maturity of source rocks between 1.3%~1.7%) and Ordovician (maturity of source rocks between 0.7%~1.2%) source rocks have a high degree of thermal evolution and strong hydrocarbon generation ability. The temperature of the Jurassic strata in the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt ranges from 50 to 70℃ in the northern section and 210 to 230℃ in the southern section. The salt structure results in geothermal anomaly, among which the salt rock in the Qiulitage structural belt is the thickest and the cooling effect is the most obvious.

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  • 图 1  盆地模拟流程图

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  KronosFlow 2012软件剖面数字化界面图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  KronosFlow 2012软件构造恢复界面图

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  TemisFlow 2012软件界面图

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  柯坪逆冲推覆带主要断层和褶皱构造分布图(据吕修祥等, 2014修改)

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面图(据马德明等, 2007修改; 剖面位置见图 5)

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面的温度场演化

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面烃源岩成熟度演化图

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  库车逆冲推覆带构造单元及主要断层和褶皱分布图(据Wen et al., 2017修改)

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面图(据金文正等, 2007修改; 剖面位置见图 9)

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面的温度场演化

    Figure 11. 

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    表 1  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面模拟约束参数

    Table 1.  Constraint parameters of the A-A' section modeling for the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt

    沉积模型 热条件 断层性质 岩石圈模型
    新近系—第四系(N-Q): 砂岩
    中二叠统(P2): 砂岩
    石炭系—二叠系(C-P): 石灰岩
    志留系—泥盆系(S-D): 砂岩
    上奥陶统(O3): 石灰岩
    上寒武统—中奥陶统(€3-O1-2): 石灰岩
    震旦系—中寒武统(Z-€1-2): 膏盐岩
    基底: 上地壳    		 现今热流: 48 mW/m2
    古热流: 55 mW/m2
    地表温度: 14 ℃    		 可穿透性 上地壳: 20 km
    下地壳: 12 km
    上地幔: 93 km
    注: 沉积模型数据马德明等(2007), 现今热流刘绍文等(2017a), 古热流王良书等(1995), 地表温度取自新疆地区多年平均气温为参考, 岩石圈分层数据赵俊猛等(2008)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面模拟约束参数

    Table 2.  Constraint parameters of the B-B' section modeling for the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt

    沉积模型 热条件 断层性质 岩石圈模型
    上新统库车组—第四统(N2k-Q): 砂泥岩
    中新统康村组(N1k): 泥岩
    中新统吉迪克组(N1j): 膏盐岩
    古近统(E): 砂泥岩
    白垩统(K): 砂岩
    侏罗统(J): 煤
    三叠统(T): 砂岩
    二叠统(P): 砂泥岩
    基底: 上地壳    		 现今热流: 44.6 mW/m2
    古热流: 55 mW/m2
    地表温度: 14 ℃    		 可穿透性 上地壳: 20 km
    下地壳: 12 km
    上地幔: 93 km
    注: 沉积模型数据金文正等(2007), 现今热流刘绍文等(2017a), 古热流王良书等(1995), 地表温度取自新疆地区多年平均气温为参考, 岩石圈分层数据赵俊猛等(2008)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  柯坪、库车逆冲推覆带生储盖及构造差异

    Table 3.  Differences in source rock, reservoir, cap rock and tectonic style between the Kalpin and Kuqa thrust-nappe belts

    逆冲推覆带 烃源岩 储层 盖层 构造样式
    柯坪逆冲推覆带 寒武系、奥陶系、石炭系、二叠系 上震旦统、寒武系、下奥陶统、二叠系碳酸盐岩; 志留系、石炭系碎屑岩 中寒武统、上奥陶统、下二叠统 叠瓦状逆冲、断层传播褶皱
    库车逆冲推覆带 三叠系、侏罗系 下白垩统、古近系碎屑岩 古近系 盐上: 断层传播褶皱、滑脱褶皱;
    盐下: 断层转折褶皱
    下载: 导出CSV
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