The 2012 Thabeikkjin (Myanmar) M 7.0 earthquake and its surface rupture characteristics
-
摘要:
文章以地质地貌与地震遗迹野外调查获得的第一手资料为基础，重点介绍了实皆断裂的活动习性、2012年地震产生的建筑物破坏与地震地表破裂带特征。实皆断裂是一条规模宏大，以右旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂，其水平滑动速率为18~20 mm/a。历史上沿实皆断裂曾发生10余次7级以上强震，迄今保留有1839年曼德勒因瓦M 8、1930年勃固M 7.3、1930年东吁M 7.3等地震遗迹。2012年德贝金M 7.0地震造成了佛塔、民用建筑等严重破坏，形成至少长45 km的地震地表破裂，包括塌岸、滑坡、地震断层等，震中烈度达Ⅸ度。在断层右旋走滑运动作用下，地裂缝呈现出有规律的左阶雁列，与实皆断裂走向的夹角一般为20°~30°；规模较大的地裂缝多呈“S”型。地裂缝有规律的左阶雁列和被断错的地物标志，指示地震地表破裂具明显的右旋走滑性质。2012年地震造成的右旋位错量一般为40~90 cm，最大位错达102 cm。地震地表破裂特征和震源机制解结果一致地表明，此次地震的发震构造为实皆活动断裂。
Abstract:Based on the first-hand data obtained from the field survey in terms of geology, landforms, earthquake ruins, this paper focuses on the activity behavior of the Sagaing fault, as well as the damaged buildings and seismic surface rupture zone generated by the 2012 earthquake. The Sagaing fault striking nearly NS is an active large-scale dextral strike-slip fault, with a horizontal slip rate of 18~20 mm/a. Many strong earthquakes more than M 7 have occurred along the Sagaing fault zone historically, and so far, there are still ruins of the earthquakes, such as the 1839 Innwa, Mandalay, M 8 earthquake, the 1930 Bago M 7.3 earthquake and the 1930 Phyu M 7.3 earthquake. The 2012 Thabeikkjin M 7.0 earthquake caused serious damage to pagodas, civil and other buildings, forming an at least 45 km-long seismic surface rupture with bank collapses, landslides, seismic faults and so on. The epicenter intensity of the earthquake is estimated to be IX. Under the dextral strike slip of the fault, the ground fissures show a trend of regular left-step en echelon, and the included angle with the strike of the Sagaing fault is generally 20°~30°; The large-scale ground fissures mostly show a "S" type. The regular left-step en echelon trend of ground fissures and the faulted ground features indicate that the seismic surface fracture are obviously characterized by dextral strike slip. The horizontal dextral displacements caused by the 2012 earthquake are generally between 40~90 cm, and the maximum reaches 102 cm. The surface rupture characteristics and the results of focal mechanism solutions show that the event is caused by the dextral strike-slip of the Sagaing fault.
-
Key words:
- Thabeikkjin /
- earthquake /
- Sagaing fault /
- seismic surface rupture /
- dextral strike-slip
-
-
图 5 建筑物破坏情况(照片来自缅甸地震委员会; http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/current_research/plate_tectonics/和www.news.cn)
Figure 5.
图 6 塌岸与滑坡地表破坏(照片引自缅甸地震委员会；http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/current_research/plate_tectonics/)
Figure 6.
-
ACHARYYA S K, RAY K K, SENGUPTA S, 1991. The Naga hills and Andaman ophiolite belt, their setting, nature and collisional emplacement history[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 18: 293-315. doi: 10.1016/0079-1946(91)90006-2
AKILAN A, BALAJI S, PADHY S, et al., 2016. The plate kinematics of Burmese micro-plate relative to its surroundings[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(5): 333. doi: 10.1007/s12517-016-2345-6
BERTRAND G, RANGIN C, MALUSKI H, et al., 2001. Diachronous cooling along the Mogok Metamorphic Belt (Shan scarp, Myanmar): the trace of the northward migration of the Indian syntaxis[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 19(5): 649-659. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(00)00061-4
CHANG Z F, CHANG H, ZANG Y, et al., 2016. Recent active features of Weixi-Qiaohou fault and its relationship with the Honghe fault[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 22(3): 517-530. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=671161799
CHANG Z F, CHANG H, LI J L, et al., 2021. Holocene activity and Paleoearthquakes of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 43(4): 881-898. (in Chinese with English abstract)
CURRAY J R, 2005. Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25(1): 187-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.09.001
GUO S M, JI F J, XIANG H F, et al., 2001. The Honghe active fault zone[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press. (in Chinese)
HALL R, 2012. Late Jurassic-Cenozoic reconstructions of the Indonesian region and the Indian Ocean[J]. Tectonophysics, 570-571: 1-41. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.021
HURUKAWA N, MAUNG P M, 2011. Two seismic gaps on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, derived from relocation of historical earthquakes since 1918[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(1): L01310.
KUNDU B, GAHALAUT V K, 2012. Earthquake occurrence processes in the Indo-Burmese wedge and Sagaing fault region[J]. Tectonophysics, 524-525: 135-146. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.031
LE DAIN A Y, TAPPONNIER P, MOLNAR P, 1984. Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B1): 453-472. doi: 10.1029/JB089iB01p00453
LICHT A, FRANCE-LANORD C, REISBERG L, et al., 2013. A palaeo Tibet-Myanmar connection? Reconstructing the Late Eocene drainage system of central Myanmar using a multi-proxy approach[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 170(6): 929-939. doi: 10.1144/jgs2012-126
MAURIN T, MASSON F, RANGIN C, et al., 2010. First global positioning system results in northern Myanmar: constant and localized slip rate along the Sagaing fault[J]. Geology, 38(7): 591-594. doi: 10.1130/G30872.1
MITCHELL A H G, 1993. Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic events in the Western Myanmar (Burma)-Assam region[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(6): 1089-1102. doi: 10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1089
MITCHELL A, HTAY M T, HTUN K M, et al., 2007. Rock relationships in the Mogok metamorphic belt, Tatkon to Mandalay, central Myanmar[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(5-6): 891-910. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.009
MORLEY C K, 2004. Nested strike-slip duplexes, and other evidence for Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene transpressional tectonics before and during India-Eurasia collision, in Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 161(5): 799-812. doi: 10.1144/0016-764903-124
NIELSEN C, CHAMOT-ROOKE N, RANGIN C, 2004. From partial to full strain partitioning along the Indo-Burmese hyper-oblique subduction[J]. Marine Geology, 209(1-4): 303-327. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.001
RAJU K A K, RAMPRASAD T, RAO P S, et al., 2004. New insights into the tectonic evolution of the Andaman basin, northeast Indian Ocean[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 221(1-4): 145-162. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00075-5
RANGIN C, BERTRAND G, CHAMOT-ROOKE N, 2002. Tectonics of the India/Eurasia oblique collision in Myanmar: Evidences from superimposed Cenozoic ductile and brittle fabrics[C]//17th geological HKT workshop. Gangtok.
RANGIN C, MAURIN T, MASSON F, 2013. Combined effects of Eurasia/Sunda oblique convergence and East-Tibetan crustal flow on the active tectonics of Burma[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 76: 185-194. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.05.018
SEARLE M P, NOBLE S R, COTTLE J M, et al., 2007. Tectonic evolution of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by U-Th-Pb dating of metamorphic and magmatic rocks[J]. Tectonics, 26(3): TC3014, doi: 10.1029/2006TC002083.
SEARLE M P, MORLEY C K, 2011. Tectonic and thermal evolution of Thailand in the regional context of SE Asia[M]//RIDD M F, BARBER A J, CROW M J. The geology of Thailand. London: Geological Society of London: 539-572.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China, 2020. The Chinese seismic intensity scale: GB/T 17742-2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China. (in Chinese)
SOCQUET A, PUBELLIER M, 2005. Cenozoic deformation in western Yunnan (China-Myanmar border)[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(4): 495-515. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.03.006
SOCQUET A, VIGNY C, CHAMOT-ROOKE N, et al., 2006. India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B5): B05406.
SONG F M, WANG Y P, YU W X, et al., 1998. The Xiaojiang active fault zone[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 16-168. (in Chinese)
TSUTSUMI H, SATO T, 2009. Tectonic geomorphology of the Southernmost Sagaing Fault and surface rupture associated with the May 1930 Pegu (Bago) earthquake, Myanmar[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(4): 2155-2168. doi: 10.1785/0120080113
TUN S T, WANG Y, KHAING S N, et al., 2014. Surface ruptures of the Mw 6.8 March 2011 Tarlay earthquake, Eastern Myanmar[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(6): 2915-2932. doi: 10.1785/0120130321
VIGNY C, SOCQUET A, RANGIN C, et al., 2003. Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault, Myanmar[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108(B11): 2533. doi: 10.1029/2002JB001999
WALLACE R E, 1998. The geology of earthquakes[J]. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 79(9): 115.
WANG Y, SIEH K, TUN S T, et al., 2014. Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(4): 3767-3822. doi: 10.1002/2013JB010762
XIANG H F, HAN Z J, GUO S M, et al., 2004. Large-scale dextral strike-slip movement and asociated tectonic deformation along the red-river fault zone[J]. Seismology and Geology, 26(4): 597-610. (in Chinese with English abstract)
常祖峰, 常昊, 臧阳, 等, 2016. 维西-乔后断裂新活动特征及其与红河断裂的关系[J]. 地质力学学报, 22(3): 517-530. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2016.03.009 https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/article/id/5015d4d1-7ea2-4e06-8a2d-036c76d21ee6
常祖峰, 常昊, 李鉴林, 等, 2021. 维西-乔后断裂全新世活动与古地震[J]. 地震地质, 43(4): 881-898. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2021.04.009
国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会, 2020. 中国地震烈度表: GB/T 17742-2020[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社.
虢顺民, 计凤桔, 向宏发, 等, 2001. 红河活动断裂带[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社.
宋方敏, 汪一鹏, 俞维贤, 等, 1998. 小江活动断裂带[M]. 北京: 地震出版社: 16-168.
向宏发, 韩竹军, 虢顺民, 等, 2004. 红河断裂带大型右旋走滑运动与伴生构造地貌变形[J]. 地震地质, 26(4): 597-610. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2004.04.006
-
下载:
图(11)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2004
- PDF下载数: 106
- 施引文献: 0