Deformation asymmetry in foreland thrust belts and the kinematic direction of the related thrust faults
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摘要:
前陆冲断带冲断层的冲断方向一直没有得到理论解释。文中基于库伦断裂理论和造山带前陆冲断带变形的非对称性，分析了前冲断层和反冲断层的成因。变形初期将会出现两组共轭势断裂面，随后在变形非对称引起的准静力平衡条件下，两组势断裂面中所需作用力小的那组断裂面将更容易发育成冲断层，断层滑动所需作用力包括克服滑脱面摩擦力和断层面摩擦力两部分。大部分条件下，前陆区前冲断层将优先发育，但当最大主应力轴向前陆倾斜时或共轭断层交叉点在滑脱面上时，反冲断层将有可能优先发育。后缘推动力、滑脱面摩擦力和滑体形状都会决定着主应力轴的方位。上述认识能够解释包括收缩变形区、伸展变形区等断层发育的选择性。
Abstract:The thrust directions in foreland thrust belts have not been explained on theory. Based on Coulomb fracture criterion and deformation asymmetry in foreland thrust belt, the origins of fore-thrust and back-thrust faults are analyzed in this paper. Two potential conjugate fractures would occur in initial deformation stage, and the fracture requiring less applied forces might develop into thrust fault under the quasi-static equilibrium caused by deformation asymmetry in foreland thrust belts. The applied forces needed to create fault movements include the frictions along both the detachment surface and the fault surface. The fore-thrust faults will occur in most deformations in foreland thrust belts. However, where either the principal stress axes tilt toward foreland or the intersections point of the two conjugate fractures are on the detachment surface, the back-thrust faults will be preferable to occur. The applied force, the frictions along the detachment surface and the geometries of the slipping terranes will determine the principal stress axes. The findings will help to explain the selectivity of the fault dips in both contractional and extensional deformation areas.
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