Discussion on the latest surface ruptures near the Zhonggu village along the Selaha segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone
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摘要:
鲜水河断裂带色拉哈段是2014年康定MS6.3地震的发震断裂段, 其最新一次地表破裂事件(1725年康定7级地震)的离逝时间较长, 是最可能发生7级以上地表破裂型大震的危险地段之一。获得色拉哈段最新地震地表破裂的展布范围对确定断裂带的地震活动历史、评估断裂带的未来地震危险性以及防震减灾具有重要意义。然而, 迄今色拉哈段最新地表破裂的北西端位置仍存有较大争议。对此, 在以往资料认为没有同震地表破裂的中谷村一带开挖了探槽组, 获得了这一带的破裂历史, 其最新一次事件(E6)的限定年代为A.D.746±51之后。综合探槽剖面证据和附近的断错地貌特征以及历史地震资料, 探槽揭露的最新事件E6可能对应1725年康定7级地震, 色拉哈段的地表破裂北西端至少已延伸到中谷村一带。
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关键词:
- 鲜水河断裂带 /
- 色拉哈段 /
- 地震地表破裂 /
- 探槽 /
- 2014年康定6.3级地震
Abstract:The Selaha segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone was the seismogenic fault of the 2014 Kangding MS 6.3 earthquake. This segment has been considered as one of the most dangerous areas for surface rupture-induced earthquakes with a magnitude of M≥7 due to the long elapsed time of the latest surface rupture event (the 1725 Kangding MS7.0 earthquake). Obtaining the spatial distribution of the latest seismic surface rupture along the Selaha fault is significant for determining the seismic activity history, assessing the seismic potential, and preventing and mitigating disasters. However, there is still considerable controversy about the extension northwestern of the latest surface rupture. In order to solve this problem, we excavated two large paleoseismic trenches in the Zhonggu village where the previous data believed that there was no coseismic surface rupture, and obtained the rupture history of this region. The latest event (E6) occurred after A.D.746±51. Based on the trench profile evidence, geomorphological features, and historical earthquake records, the latest event E6 is associated with the 1725 Kangding MS7.0 earthquake, indicating that the surface rupture of the event E6 has extended to at least the Zhonggu village.
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表 1 中谷探槽揭露的地层及其描述
Table 1. Units exposed by the Zhonggu trenches and their characteristics
地层编号 地层描述 U0 半风化基岩，上部呈褐棕—棕黄色(U0b)，下部呈棕灰—棕灰绿色(U0a) U1 棕褐色砾块层，砾块磨圆度以棱角状—次棱角状为主，为风化—半风化粉砂质板岩的近源堆积 U2 青灰色略带灰绿色砂砾层，砾石磨圆较好，有一定分选，砾径以2~7 cm为主，为冰水堆积成因 U3 浅黄色含黏土粉砂层，底部含砾石，砾石有一定磨圆，略有分选，砾径约为2~5 cm，推测为冰水堆积夹杂近源堆积成因 U4 青灰色略带灰绿色砂砾层夹粉砂层，磨圆较好，具一定层理，应为冰水沉积成因 U5 中上部(U5b)为深褐—黝黑色砂质-粉砂质黏土层，局部堆积灰—深灰色砂黏土及浅褐黄色砂层，含砾石和植物根系，砾石磨圆差，有一定分选；底部(U5a)为沿局部洼坑堆积的灰白色或褐黄色砂砾层，砾石磨圆和分选差，砾径约为5~20 cm，仅在ZG1探槽中局部发育 U6 上部(U6b)为表层深褐色砂土，含较多植物根系；下部(U6a)为灰色—棕褐色砂土、黑土团块混杂堆积，底部含砾块 
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表 2 中谷探槽U6地层中放射性碳样品测试结果及其年代校正
Table 2. Radiocarbon ages and calibrated calendar ages of the samples in the U6 strata from the Zhonggu trenches
样品编号 测试材料 采样壁 测试年龄
(a B.P.)校正年龄 ZG1-C7 碳屑 ZG1南壁 1260±30 A.D.746±51 ZG2-C17 碳屑 ZG2北壁 8760±50 7817±122 B.C. ZG2-C18 半腐烂草屑 ZG2北壁 2400±30 494±84 B.C. 注：所有样品测年结果均由BETA实验室利用加速器质谱仪(AMS)测试完成
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