Early identification of high-elevation geohazards in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River based on the SAR/InSAR technology
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摘要:
雅鲁藏布江下游位于印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的前缘地带, 区域内新构造运动活跃, 高山分布众多, 属典型高山深切割区。由于独特的地质构造以及气候变化的影响, 区域内崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害频发。文章采用Sentinel-1影像以及ALOS/PALSAR-2影像通过多种时序InSAR技术和SAR偏移量技术联合的方式对区域内2014—2020年高位地质灾害进行了识别。文章研究结果表明: 在研究区内共存在260处地质灾害形变区, 且大多位于海拔较高的沟道与山峰; 泽巴隆巴冰川沟中的岩崩形变体已经形成多条大型拉张裂缝, 一旦发生崩落极有可能形成堰塞湖; 受米林地震影响而复活的达波古滑坡后缘已经完全脱离, 左右两侧裂缝完全贯通, 滑坡一旦失稳会完全堵塞雅鲁藏布江。此研究提供了识别高山峡谷区高位地质灾害的SAR/InSAR技术方法, 为类似的地质灾害识别提供了参考。
Abstract:The lower stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River is in the front zone of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates with active neotectonics movements and many high mountains in this region. It is a typical mountain-valley area. Due to the unique geological structure and the influence of climate change, geohazards such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides frequently happen in this area. We used Sentinel-1 and ALOS/PALSAR-2 images to identify the high-elevation geohazards in the region from 2014 to 2020 by combining multiple time-series InSAR techniques and SAR offset-tracking techniques. The identification results show that there are 260 geohazard-induced deformed areas in the study area, and most of them are located in gullies and peaks at higher elevations. The rock avalanche deformations in the Zebalongba glacier gully have formed several large tension cracks, and once the avalanche falls, they are most likely to form a dam. The back edge of the Dabo landslide, which was reactivated by the Milin earthquake, has completely been detached, and the cracks fully penetrate the left and right sides. Once the landslide destabilizes, it will completely block the Yarlung Zangbo River. This study provides a general method for identifying high-elevation geohazards in high mountain-valley areas and a reference for similar geohazards identification.
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Key words:
- Lower stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River /
- MT-InSAR /
- SAR offset-tracking /
- geohazard
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表 1 所用SAR数据基本参数
Table 1. Fundamental parameters for SAR images used in this study
传感器 波长 飞行方向 数量 覆盖时间 轨道号 Sentinel-1 C 升轨 284 20170316—20200729 143、70、172 ALOS/PALSAR-2 L 升轨 111 20140908—20200507 151、152 
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表 2 17处滑坡详细信息
Table 2. Detailed information of 17 landslides
名称 纬度/(°) 经度/(°) 长度/m 宽度/m 1# 29.786468 95.152247 963 371 2# 29.793564 95.149608 355 300 3# 29.796444 95.146486 371 323 4# 29.803274 95.141786 167 180 达波 29.870677 95.148463 1054 1089 巴玉 29.843294 95.240246 2181 460 落古#1 29.774817 95.250962 1151 708 落古#2 29.773159 95.241469 394 597 甘登#1 29.722749 95.302412 1127 565 甘登#2 29.716898 95.293642 702 143 龙列 29.706122 95.341190 462 322 更帮 29.672205 95.351797 799 316 根登 29.602529 95.359356 382 256 帮辛 29.580460 95.372772 179 187 宗荣 29.570525 95.308290 1254 449 #5 28.626808 95.012731 657 793 #6 28.369373 95.065375 594 915 注：表中滑坡的名称基于地名命名，部分未命名原因是由于其分布在无人区；滑坡的长宽基于InSAR测量的形变区域而确定。
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