In-situ stress characteristics and rockburst tendency of surrounding rocks in the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit, Zhaoyuan, Shandong province
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摘要:
通过山东省招远市水旺庄金矿1881.08 m深孔水压致裂原地应力测量，获取了矿区深部地应力特征及其随深度的变化规律。结果表明：该矿区最大主应力随深度增加具有呈线性增大趋势，800.00 m以浅原位地应力状态以水平应力为主，随深度增加铅直主应力逐渐过渡为最大主应力；其中，最大水平主应力为11.22～45.69 MPa，最小水平主应力为7.28～36.17 MPa，铅直主应力为8.44～48.27 MPa，最大水平主应力方向为北西西向。根据该矿区应力量值及其最大水平主应力方向，分析了深部矿体地应力特征，水旺庄矿区深部地应力在招远−莱州地区属于一般偏低水平。结合钻孔岩芯岩石力学参数，基于工程岩体分级标准及岩石块体弹性应变能理论，对高围压环境下深部矿体开挖过程中，地下巷道发生岩爆的倾向性进行了分析讨论，水旺庄金矿总体属于无岩爆或弱岩爆的地层，但局部如1102.78 m、1379.40 m深度存在强烈岩爆倾向性，金矿矿体所处的1680.40~1684.90 m深度大体位于无岩爆区域。上述研究成果可为深部矿山建设与开采设计提供重要的科学依据。
Abstract:We carried out hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements in an 1881-m deep borehole at the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit and obtained the variation law of deep in-situ stress with depth in the mining area. The measurement results show that the maximum principal stress has an increasing linear trend with depth. The horizontal stress dominates the in-situ stress state within 800 m, and the vertical stress gradually transitions to the maximum principal stress with increasing depth. The maximum horizontal principal stress ranges from 11.22 to 45.69 MPa, the minimum horizontal principal stress from 7.28 to 36.17 MPa, and the vertical principal stress from 8.44 to 48.27 MPa; The direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress is NWW-trending. We analyzed the characteristics of the deep orebody’s in-situ stress according to the stress value and the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress, which reveals that the deep in-situ stress of the Shuiwangzhuang mining area belongs to the generally low level in the Zhaoyuan–Laizhou area. We discussed the tendency of rockburst in the underground roadway during deep excavation under a high confining pressure environment based on rock mechanics parameters of drill cores, engineering rock grading standards, and elastic strain energy theory of rock bodies. The Shuiwangzhuang gold orebodies generally belong to the rockburst-free strata or strata with weak rockbursts. However, there is a strong rockburst tendency at depths such as 1102.78 m and 1379.40 m. The gold ore body is at a depth of 1680.40~1684.90 m, generally in the rockburst-free area. The above research results can provide an essential scientific basis for deep mine construction and mining design.
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图 5 水旺庄金矿主应力值与招远−莱州区域地应力值比较（招远−莱州区域地应力数据引自彭华和孙尧，2016a，2016b；裴峰，2020；孙尧和彭华，2021；侯奎奎等，2022）
Figure 5.
表 1 水压致裂地应力测量结果
Table 1. Results of in-situ stress measurement using hydraulic fracturing
测段深度/m 压裂参数/MPa 主应力值/MPa 破裂方位 Pb Pr Ps P0 T SH Sh Sv 318.80 10.48 4.36 4.15 3.12 6.12 11.22 7.28 8.44 370.00 8.34 4.66 4.42 3.63 3.68 12.24 8.05 9.79 430.60 8.06 4.83 4.66 4.22 3.23 13.38 8.88 11.39 470.40 10.06 5.43 5.04 4.61 4.63 14.29 9.65 12.45 528.60 11.27 5.75 5.33 5.18 5.52 15.43 10.51 13.99 618.60 16.43 10.04 7.48 6.06 6.39 18.47 13.54 16.37 702.50 13.51 6.85 6.29 6.88 6.66 18.91 13.18 18.59 818.40 11.95 7.57 6.92 8.02 4.38 21.22 14.94 21.65 NW66.2° 931.30 15.22 8.43 7.61 9.13 6.79 23.52 16.73 24.64 1045.50 17.90 15.53 11.07 10.25 2.37 27.93 21.32 27.66 1196.00 22.16 16.52 11.92 11.72 5.64 30.95 23.64 31.65 1286.00 29.23 23.11 15.09 12.60 6.12 34.75 27.69 34.03 1379.50 28.76 25.08 16.21 13.52 3.68 37.08 29.73 36.50 1459.00 25.31 22.08 15.09 14.30 3.23 37.50 29.39 38.61 1481.00 25.45 20.82 14.59 14.51 4.63 37.47 29.11 39.19 1546.00 26.83 21.31 14.99 15.15 5.52 38.80 30.14 40.91 1583.20 27.85 21.46 15.15 15.52 6.39 39.51 30.67 41.89 1652.80 25.92 19.26 14.36 16.20 6.66 40.02 30.56 43.73 NW71.5° 1737.50 27.12 22.74 16.14 17.03 4.38 42.70 33.17 45.97 1757.40 31.17 24.38 16.92 17.22 6.79 43.60 34.14 46.50 1824.10 32.45 27.08 18.30 17.88 5.37 45.69 36.17 48.27 
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表 2 基于工程岩体分级标准的水旺庄金矿岩爆倾向性预测
Table 2. Prediction of rockburst tendency of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit based on the engineering rock classification standards
开挖
深度/m单轴抗压
强度Rc/MPa最大主应力
σmax/MPaRc/σmax 岩爆倾向 开挖
深度/m单轴抗压
强度Rc/MPa最大主应力
σmax/MPaRc/σmax 岩爆倾向 22.28 17.72 3.95 4.49 高应力，中等岩爆 1123.05 11.87 30.32 0.39 极高应力，强烈岩爆 88.50 49.02 5.48 8.95 低应力，无岩爆 1162.42 15.91 31.39 0.51 95.28 19.09 5.63 3.39 极高应力，强烈岩爆 1178.00 22.82 31.81 0.72 163.58 77.28 7.20 10.73 低应力，无岩爆 1229.85 16.93 33.21 0.51 181.27 99.08 7.61 13.02 1279.40 47.86 34.54 1.39 250.44 43.52 9.20 4.73 高应力，中等岩爆 1304.74 12.55 35.23 0.36 316.40 100.08 10.72 9.34 低应力，无岩爆 1349.40 86.98 36.43 2.39 349.20 67.28 11.47 5.87 高应力，中等岩爆 1394.46 55.07 37.65 1.46 415.40 52.81 12.99 4.07 1429.00 41.86 38.58 1.09 486.96 48.01 14.64 3.28 极高应力，强烈岩爆 1446.31 62.49 39.05 1.60 530.32 98.77 15.64 6.32 高应力，中等岩爆 1463.00 25.29 39.50 0.64 586.78 60.52 16.94 3.57 极高应力，强烈岩爆 1498.87 32.35 40.47 0.80 610.10 4.61 17.47 0.26 1513.00 48.88 40.85 1.20 653.72 125.18 18.48 6.77 高应力，中等岩爆 1522.00 44.28 41.09 1.08 694.53 140.27 19.41 7.23 低应力，无岩爆 1547.65 53.08 41.79 1.27 748.61 54.16 20.66 2.62 极高应力，强烈岩爆 1593.27 69.49 43.02 1.62 794.66 20.25 21.72 0.93 1641.49 26.34 44.32 0.59 843.12 22.24 22.83 0.97 1671.59 77.37 45.13 1.71 876.86 19.58 23.68 0.83 1712.61 34.41 46.24 0.74 919.31 56.22 24.82 2.27 1719.00 71.88 46.41 1.55 947.11 63.32 25.57 2.48 1738.96 48.45 46.95 1.03 980.95 58.57 26.49 2.21 1775.32 62.19 47.93 1.30 1018.55 41.48 27.50 1.51 1811.42 121.4 48.91 2.48 1049.68 28.08 28.34 0.99 1862.34 48.4 50.28 0.96 1102.78 6.46 29.78 0.22
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表 3 基于能量积聚方法的水旺庄金矿岩爆倾向性预测
Table 3. Prediction of rockburst tendency of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit based on the theory of elastic strain energy
开挖深度/m 单轴抗压强度/MPa σ1/MPa σ2/MPa σ3/MPa 泊松比 弹性模量 弹性应变能/（kJ/m3） 极限储能/（kJ/m3） U/U0 岩爆倾向 22.28 17.72 3.95 0.83 0.60 0.22 3.49 2.00 494.35 0.0040 无岩爆 88.50 49.02 5.48 2.39 2.09 0.17 3.21 4.68 539.79 0.0087 无岩爆 95.28 19.09 5.63 2.57 2.22 0.26 2.00 6.56 543.72 0.0121 无岩爆 163.58 77.28 7.20 4.42 3.52 0.22 7.40 3.50 583.30 0.0060 无岩爆 181.27 99.08 7.61 4.89 3.85 0.23 9.46 3.03 593.55 0.0051 无岩爆 250.44 43.52 9.20 6.76 5.17 0.21 4.63 10.40 633.63 0.0164 无岩爆 316.40 100.08 10.72 8.54 6.42 0.20 4.26 16.78 671.86 0.0250 无岩爆 349.20 67.28 11.47 9.43 7.04 0.17 6.60 13.89 690.87 0.0201 无岩爆 415.40 52.81 12.99 11.22 8.30 0.21 6.10 17.86 729.23 0.0245 无岩爆 486.96 48.01 14.64 13.15 9.66 0.20 4.06 36.47 770.70 0.0473 无岩爆 530.32 98.77 15.64 14.32 10.49 0.21 6.89 24.20 795.83 0.0304 无岩爆 586.78 60.52 16.94 15.84 11.56 0.24 7.20 25.05 828.54 0.0302 无岩爆 610.10 4.61 17.47 16.47 12.00 0.27 1.15 150.11 842.06 0.1783 无岩爆 653.72 125.18 18.48 17.65 12.83 0.16 7.06 40.00 867.34 0.0461 无岩爆 694.53 140.27 19.41 18.75 13.61 0.21 6.89 39.38 890.99 0.0442 无岩爆 748.61 54.16 20.66 20.21 14.63 0.13 4.02 97.68 922.32 0.1059 无岩爆 794.66 20.25 21.72 21.46 15.51 0.20 3.20 112.23 949.01 0.1183 无岩爆 843.12 22.24 22.83 22.76 16.43 0.18 3.52 121.11 977.09 0.1240 无岩爆 876.86 19.58 23.68 23.61 17.07 0.17 3.35 141.01 996.65 0.1415 无岩爆 919.31 56.22 24.82 24.58 17.88 0.22 4.88 90.47 1021.25 0.0886 无岩爆 947.11 63.32 25.57 25.22 18.41 0.17 4.95 110.28 1037.36 0.1063 无岩爆 980.95 58.57 26.49 26.00 19.05 0.16 5.22 114.95 1056.97 0.1088 无岩爆 1018.55 41.48 27.50 26.87 19.76 0.20 3.00 190.56 1078.75 0.1766 无岩爆 1049.68 28.08 28.34 27.58 20.35 0.22 3.50 161.93 1096.79 0.1476 无岩爆 1102.78 6.46 29.78 28.80 21.36 0.37 0.32 956.08 1127.57 0.8479 严重岩爆 1123.05 11.87 30.32 29.27 21.75 0.26 1.26 441.95 1139.31 0.3879 弱岩爆 1162.42 15.91 31.39 30.18 22.50 0.27 1.19 480.01 1162.13 0.4130 中等岩爆 1178.00 22.82 31.81 30.53 22.79 0.25 1.85 342.54 1171.16 0.2925 无岩爆 1229.85 16.93 33.21 31.73 23.78 0.18 2.78 312.86 1201.20 0.2605 无岩爆 1279.40 47.86 34.54 32.87 24.72 0.15 1.85 552.43 1229.92 0.4492 中等岩爆 1304.74 12.55 35.23 33.45 25.20 0.20 4.38 209.05 1244.60 0.1680 无岩爆 1349.40 86.98 36.43 34.48 26.05 0.19 1.23 819.24 1270.48 0.6448 强烈岩爆 1394.46 55.07 37.65 35.51 26.90 0.23 6.89 136.58 1296.59 0.1053 无岩爆 1429.00 41.86 38.58 36.31 27.56 0.18 4.07 284.90 1316.61 0.2164 无岩爆 1446.31 62.49 39.05 36.71 27.89 0.23 5.15 196.00 1326.64 0.1477 无岩爆 1463.00 25.29 39.50 37.09 28.21 0.27 2.08 426.40 1336.31 0.3191 弱岩爆 1498.87 32.35 40.47 37.91 28.89 0.19 5.43 227.10 1357.10 0.1673 无岩爆 1513.00 48.88 40.85 38.24 29.16 0.17 3.31 402.72 1365.29 0.2950 无岩爆 1522.00 44.28 41.09 38.45 29.33 0.19 5.09 249.52 1370.50 0.1821 无岩爆 1547.65 53.08 41.79 39.04 29.82 0.24 4.68 237.10 1385.37 0.1711 无岩爆 1593.27 69.49 43.02 40.09 30.68 0.22 2.14 588.35 1411.80 0.4167 中等岩爆 1641.49 26.34 44.32 41.19 31.60 0.23 4.20 306.77 1439.75 0.2131 无岩爆 1671.59 77.37 45.13 41.89 32.17 0.23 3.73 357.78 1457.19 0.2455 无岩爆 1712.61 34.41 46.24 42.83 32.95 0.18 3.77 436.17 1480.96 0.2945 无岩爆 1719.00 71.88 46.41 42.98 33.07 0.21 3.69 408.60 1484.67 0.2752 无岩爆 1738.96 48.45 46.95 43.44 33.45 0.20 5.60 284.37 1496.23 0.1901 无岩爆 1775.32 62.19 47.93 44.27 34.14 0.24 5.54 261.16 1517.30 0.1721 无岩爆 1811.42 121.40 48.91 45.10 34.83 0.16 3.38 574.79 1538.22 0.3737 弱岩爆 1862.34 48.40 50.28 46.27 35.79 0.24 7.28 218.07 1567.73 0.1391 无岩爆
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