Reconstructing the tectonics and paleogeography during the ocean-land transition of the "Sanjiang"orogenic belt in southwest China
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摘要:
西南"三江"造山带包含消失的特提斯大洋及两侧大陆边缘"弧盆系"。采用大地构造相和盆地分析原理, 对"三江"造山带中的沉积地质体进行岩相刻画、复原古地理、再造古构造、推演洋陆转化。在中二叠世之前, 特提斯大洋持续扩张, 冈瓦纳、欧亚2个大陆边缘拉张裂离, 形成裂离地块(陆缘海台)与陆缘裂陷盆地, 构成"多岛洋"构造-地理格局。中二叠世, 特提斯大洋板块开始向北俯冲消减, 欧亚大陆边缘的东大山—临沧一线形成增生前锋弧, 前锋弧靠陆一侧转为弧后拉张环境, 继续保持"台盆相间"的古地理格局。晚二叠世末—早三叠世, 特提斯大洋板块继续向北俯冲消减, 金沙江-哀牢山和澜沧江弧后盆地洋壳也分别向西、向东俯冲于昌都-思茅地块之下, 使其转为双向弧后盆地; 而中咱-中甸地块、甘孜-理塘洋还保持拉张环境。晚三叠世, 特提斯洋、澜沧江和金沙江-哀牢山弧后盆地洋壳继续俯冲, 直到关闭; 昌都-思茅地块转为弧后双向前陆盆地, 中咱-中甸地块转为周缘前陆盆地; 中咱-中甸地块东部受甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆的俯冲, 形成弧-盆系。晚三叠世, 特提斯大洋板块开始向南西俯冲, 形成冈底斯-腾冲陆缘岛弧。保山地块东部在晚三叠世早期为陆缘岛弧, 晚期转为弧后前陆盆; 西部形成周缘前陆盆地。这样, 在大洋板块俯冲阶段形成冈瓦纳、欧亚2个大陆边缘与裂离地块上的2个级别的"多弧盆"构造-地理格局。
Abstract:The " Sanjiang " orogenic belt in the southwest contains the lost Tethys Ocean and the "arc-basin system" of the continental margins on both sides.Based on the principle of tectonic facies and basin analysis, lithofacies characterization, palaeogeography restoration, palaeostructure reconstruction and oceanic and continental transformation are carried out for the sedimentary geological bodies in the "Sanjiang" orogenic belt. Before the Middle Permian, the Tethys Ocean continued to expand, and the two continental margins of Gondwana and Eurasia were stretched and split apart, forming the detachment block(continental margin platform)and continental margin rift basin, which constituted the "multi-island ocean" structural-geographic pattern. During the Middle Permian, the Tethys oceanic plate began to subduct northward, and the Dongdashan-Lincang line of the Eurasian continental margin formed an accretive front arc.The front arc turned into a backarc stretching environment on the continental side, which continued to maintain the paleogeographic pattern of "platform and basin". During the Late Permian to Early Triassic, the Tethys oceanic plate continued to subduct northward, and the oceanic crust of Jinshajiang-Alao Mountain and Lancang River back-arc basins also subducted westward and eastward under the Changdu -Simao block, making them turn into bidirectional back-arc basins. And the Zhongza-Zhongdian block, Ganzi - Litang Ocean also maintained the stretching environment.During the Late Triassic, the oceanic crust of Tethys Ocean, Lancang River and Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan back-arc basin continued to subduct until it closed.The Changdu - Simao block turns into a backarc bidirectional foreland basin, and the Zhongzan - Zhongdian block turns into a peripheral foreland basin.The eastern part of the Zhongzan-Zhongdian block was subducted by the ocean basin behind the Ganzi - Litang arc, forming the arc-basin system.In the Late Triassic, the Tethys oceanic plate began to submerge southwestward, forming the Gangdis-Tengchong marginal island arc.The eastern part of the Baoshan block was a marginal island arc in the early Late Triassic and turned into a backarc foreland basin in the Late Triassic.In the west, peripheral foreland basins are formed.Thus, during the subduction stage of the oceanic plate, the tectono-geographic pattern of the Gondwana and Eurasian continental margins and the two-level "multi-arc basin" on the detachment block were formed.
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表 1 “三江”地区二叠纪—三叠纪地层划分对比
Table 1. Permian—Triassic stratigraphic division and correlation in Sanjiang area
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